Unter Astat-Isotope werden alle Atomkerne des chemischen Elements Astat zusammengefasst; diese bestehen aus einem Atomkern mit 85 Protonen und im ungeladenen Zustand aus 85 Elektronen. Der Unterschied zwischen den einzelnen Astat-Isotopen liegt in der Anzahl der Neutronen im Kern begründet.
Vom chemischen Element Astat sind mehr als 20 Isotope bekannt, die jedoch alle instabil und sehr kurzlebig sind; das Nuklid At-210 hat hierbei mit einer Halbwertszeit von 8,3 Stunden die längste Lebensdauer.
In der Natur treten Astat-Isotope innerhalb natülicher radioaktiver Zerfallsketten auf; Astat gilt als seltenstes natürlich auftretendes Element.
Künstlich lassen sich bestimmte Astat-Isotope durch Beschuss von Bismutatomen mit α-Partikeln hestellen. Praktische Anwendungen für das Element gibt es keine; 2008 erschien jedoch ein Artikel über das Potential einer Astat-211 Therapie bei Prostatakrebs [Michael J. Willhauck et al., 2008].
Isotopentabelle: Astat
Isotop Nuklid | Z | A | N | Name | Atommasse [Kernmasse] {Massenüberschuss} | Spin I (h/2π) | μ | A-Nuk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
190At | 85 | 190 | 105 | Astat-190 | 190 u [189,9533763 u] {0 MeV} | (10-) | ||
191At | 85 | 191 | 106 | Astat-191 | 191,004148(17) u [190,9575243 u] {3,86384 MeV} | (1/2+) | ||
191mAt | 85 | 191 | 106 | Astat-191m | 191,004148(17) u [190,9575243 u] {3,86384 MeV} | (7/2-) | ||
192At | 85 | 192 | 107 | Astat-192 | 192,00314(3) u [191,9565163 u] {2,92489 MeV} | (9-,10-) | ||
192mAt | 85 | 192 | 107 | Astat-192m | 192,00314(3) u [191,9565163 u] {2,92489 MeV} | |||
193At | 85 | 193 | 108 | Astat-193 | 192,999928(23) u [192,9533043 u] {-0,06707 MeV} | (1/2+) | ||
193m1At | 85 | 193 | 108 | Astat-193m1 | 192,999928(23) u [192,9533043 u] {-0,06707 MeV} | (7/2-) | ||
193m2At | 85 | 193 | 108 | Astat-193m2 | 192,999928(23) u [192,9533043 u] {-0,06707 MeV} | (13/2+) | ||
194At | 85 | 194 | 109 | Astat-194 | 193,999227(2) u [193,9526033 u] {-0,72004 MeV} | |||
194mAt | 85 | 194 | 109 | Astat-194m | 193,999227(2) u [193,9526033 u] {-0,72004 MeV} | |||
195At | 85 | 195 | 110 | Astat-195 | 194,996274(10) u [194,9496503 u] {-3,47075 MeV} | (1/2+) | 199Fr | |
195mAt | 85 | 195 | 110 | Astat-195m | 194,996274(10) u [194,9496503 u] {-3,47075 MeV} | (7/2-) | ||
196At | 85 | 196 | 111 | Astat-196 | 195,99580(3) u [195,9491763 u] {-3,91227 MeV} | (3+) | 200Fr | |
196mAt | 85 | 196 | 111 | Astat-196m | 195,99580(3) u [195,9491763 u] {-3,91227 MeV} | (5+) | ||
197At | 85 | 197 | 112 | Astat-197 | 196,993177(9) u [196,9465533 u] {-6,35558 MeV} | (9/2-) | 201Fr | |
197mAt | 85 | 197 | 112 | Astat-197m | 196,993177(9) u [196,9465533 u] {-6,35558 MeV} | (1/2+) | ||
198At | 85 | 198 | 113 | Astat-198 | 197,992792(6) u [197,9461683 u] {-6,71421 MeV} | (3+) | 202Fr | |
198mAt | 85 | 198 | 113 | Astat-198m | 197,992792(6) u [197,9461683 u] {-6,71421 MeV} | (10-) | ||
199At | 85 | 199 | 114 | Astat-199 | 198,990528(6) u [198,9439043 u] {-8,82311 MeV} | (9/2-) | 203Fr | |
200At | 85 | 200 | 115 | Astat-200 | 199,990351(26) u [199,9437273 u] {-8,98799 MeV} | (3+) | 204Fr | |
200m1At | 85 | 200 | 115 | Astat-200m1 | 199,990351(26) u [199,9437273 u] {-8,98799 MeV} | (7+) | ||
200m2At | 85 | 200 | 115 | Astat-200m2 | 199,990351(26) u [199,9437273 u] {-8,98799 MeV} | (10-) | ||
201At | 85 | 201 | 116 | Astat-201 | 200,988417(9) u [200,9417933 u] {-10,7895 MeV} | (9/2-) | 205Fr | |
202At | 85 | 202 | 117 | Astat-202 | 201,98863(3) u [201,9420063 u] {-10,59109 MeV} | (2+,3+) | 206Fr | |
202m1At | 85 | 202 | 117 | Astat-202m1 | 201,98863(3) u [201,9420063 u] {-10,59109 MeV} | (7+) | ||
202m2At | 85 | 202 | 117 | Astat-202m2 | 201,98863(3) u [201,9420063 u] {-10,59109 MeV} | (10-) | ||
203At | 85 | 203 | 118 | Astat-203 | 202,986943(11) u [202,9403193 u] {-12,16252 MeV} | 9/2- | 207Fr | |
204At | 85 | 204 | 119 | Astat-204 | 203,987251(24) u [203,9406273 u] {-11,87562 MeV} | 7+ | 208Fr | |
204mAt | 85 | 204 | 119 | Astat-204m | 203,987251(24) u [203,9406273 u] {-11,87562 MeV} | 10- | ||
205At | 85 | 205 | 120 | Astat-205 | 204,986074(16) u [204,9394503 u] {-12,97199 MeV} | 9/2- | 209Fr 205Rn | |
205mAt | 85 | 205 | 120 | Astat-205m | 204,986074(16) u [204,9394503 u] {-12,97199 MeV} | 29/2+ | ||
206At | 85 | 206 | 121 | Astat-206 | 205,986656(16) u [205,9400323 u] {-12,42986 MeV} | (5)+ | 210Fr 206Rn | |
207At | 85 | 207 | 122 | Astat-207 | 206,985800(13) u [206,9391763 u] {-13,22721 MeV} | 9/2- | 211Fr 207Rn | |
208At | 85 | 208 | 123 | Astat-208 | 207,986613(10) u [207,9399893 u] {-12,46991 MeV} | 6+ | 212Fr 208Rn | |
209At | 85 | 209 | 124 | Astat-209 | 208,986169(5) u [208,9395453 u] {-12,88349 MeV} | 9/2- | 213Fr 209Rn | |
209mAt | 85 | 209 | 124 | Astat-209m | 208,986170(5) u [208,9395463 u] {-12,88256 MeV} | 29/2+ | 15,38(14) | |
210At | 85 | 210 | 125 | Astat-210 | 209,987147(8) u [209,9405233 u] {-11,97249 MeV} | (5)+ | 214Fr 210Rn | |
210m1At | 85 | 210 | 125 | Astat-210m1 | 209,987147(8) u [209,9405233 u] {-11,97249 MeV} | (15)- | +15,675(17) | |
210m2At | 85 | 210 | 125 | Astat-210m2 | 209,987147(8) u [209,9405233 u] {-11,97249 MeV} | (19)+ | 13,26(13) | |
211At | 85 | 211 | 126 | Astat-211 | 210,9874961(29) u [210,9408724 u] {-11,64731 MeV} | 9/2- | 215Fr 211Rn | |
211mAt | 85 | 211 | 126 | Astat-211m | 210,9874961(29) u [210,9408724 u] {-11,64731 MeV} | (39/2-) | 13,46(14) | |
212At | 85 | 212 | 127 | Astat-212 | 211,9907372(26) u [211,9441135 u] {-8,62824 MeV} | (1-) | 216Fr | |
212m1At | 85 | 212 | 127 | Astat-212m1 | 211,9907372(26) u [211,9441135 u] {-8,62824 MeV} | (9-) | ||
212m2At | 85 | 212 | 127 | Astat-212m2 | 211,9907372(26) u [211,9441135 u] {-8,62824 MeV} | (25-) | ||
213At | 85 | 213 | 128 | Astat-213 | 212,992937(5) u [212,9463133 u] {-6,57914 MeV} | 9/2- | 217Fr | |
214At | 85 | 214 | 129 | Astat-214 | 213,996372(5) u [213,9497483 u] {-3,37946 MeV} | 1- | 218Fr | |
214m1At | 85 | 214 | 129 | Astat-214m1 | 213,996372(5) u [213,9497483 u] {-3,37946 MeV} | |||
214m2At | 85 | 214 | 129 | Astat-214m2 | 213,996372(5) u [213,9497483 u] {-3,37946 MeV} | 9- | ||
215At | 85 | 215 | 130 | Astat-215 | 214,998652(7) u [214,9520283 u] {-1,25565 MeV} | 9/2- | 219Fr 215Po | |
216At | 85 | 216 | 131 | Astat-216 | 216,002423(4) u [215,9557993 u] {2,25701 MeV} | 1- | 220Fr | |
216mAt | 85 | 216 | 131 | Astat-216m | 216,002423(4) u [215,9557993 u] {2,25701 MeV} | (9-) | ||
217At | 85 | 217 | 132 | Astat-217 | 217,004718(5) u [216,9580943 u] {4,39479 MeV} | 9/2- | 221Fr | |
218At | 85 | 218 | 133 | Astat-218 | 218,008696(12) u [217,9620723 u] {8,10027 MeV} | (3-,2-) | 218Po | |
219At | 85 | 219 | 134 | Astat-219 | 219,011161(3) u [219011160,95338 u] {204007378407,35 MeV} | (9/2-) | 223Fr | |
220At | 85 | 220 | 135 | Astat-220 | 220,015433(15) u [219,9688093 u] {14,37575 MeV} | 3 | ||
221At | 85 | 221 | 136 | Astat-221 | 221,018017(15) u [220,9713933 u] {16,78273 MeV} | |||
222At | 85 | 222 | 137 | Astat-222 | 222,022494(17) u [221,9758703 u] {20,95303 MeV} | |||
223At | 85 | 223 | 138 | Astat-223 | 223,025151(15) u [222,9785273 u] {23,42801 MeV} | |||
224At | 85 | 224 | 139 | Astat-224 | 224,029749(24) u [223,9831253 u] {27,71102 MeV} | |||
225At | 85 | 225 | 140 | Astat-225 | 225,03263(32) u [224,9860063 u] {30,39465 MeV} | |||
226At | 85 | 226 | 141 | Astat-226 | 226,03721(32) u [225,9905863 u] {34,66089 MeV} | |||
227At | 85 | 227 | 142 | Astat-227 | 227,04024(32) u [226,9936163 u] {37,48332 MeV} | |||
228At | 85 | 228 | 143 | Astat-228 | 228,04475(43) u [227,9981263 u] {41,68436 MeV} | |||
229At | 85 | 229 | 144 | Astat-229 | 229,04812(43) u [229,0014963 u] {44,82349 MeV} |
Isotop | Zerfall (radioaktiver Zerfall) | AE | Mehr | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Halbwertszeit | Zerfallsart | Anteil | Energie | Info | ||
1 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
At-190 | ca. 1 ms | α zu 186Bi | 100 % | |||
At-191 | ca. 1,7 ms | α zu 187Bi | 100 % | 7,822(14) MeV | AL | |
At-191m | ca. 2,1 ms | α zu 187Bi | 100 % | 55(30)keV | AL | |
At-192 | 88(6) ms | α zu 188Bi | ≤ 100 % | 7,696(26) MeV | +x keV | AL |
At-192m | 11,5(6) ms | α zu 188Bi | ≤ 100 % | +y keV | AL | |
At-193 | ca. 28 ms | α zu 189Bi | 100 % | 7,572(7) MeV | AL | |
At-193m1 | 21(5) ms | α zu 189Bi | 100 % | 5(10) kev | AL | |
At-193m2 | ca. 27 ms | α zu 189Bi Iso zu 193At | 24(10) % 76(10) % | 39(7) keV | ||
At-194 | ca. 40 ms | α zu 190Bi EE/β+ zu 194Po | ? ? | 7,454(11) MeV 10,284(28) MeV | AL | |
At-194m | ca. 250 ms | α zu 190Bi EE/β+ zu 194Po Iso zu 194At | ? ? ? | +y keV | AL | |
At-195 | 290(20) ms | α zu 191Bi | 100 % | 7,344(6) MeV | AL | |
At-195m | 143(3) ms | α zu 191Bi Iso zu 195At | 88(4) % 12(4) % | 33,0(10) keV | AL | |
At-196 | 388(7) ms | α zu 192Bi EE/β+ zu 196Po | 95,1 % 4,9 % | 7,195(3) MeV 9,56(3) MeV | AL | |
At-196m | 11(2) μs | 157,9(1) keV | ||||
At-197 | 388(6) ms | α zu 193Bi EE/β+ zu 197Po | 96,1(12) % 3,9(12) % | 7,104(3) MeV 7,00(5) MeV | AL | |
At-197m | 2,0(2) s | α zu 193Bi EE/β+ zu 197Po Iso zu 197At | < 100 % ? < 0,004 % | 52(10) keV | AL | |
At-198 | 4,2(2) s | α zu 194Bi EE/β+ zu 198Po | 90(10) % 10(10) % | 6,8894(19) MeV 8,759(18) MeV | AL | |
At-198m | 1,21(6) s | α zu 194Bi EE/β+ zu 198Po | 84(16) % 16(16) % | 102+x keV | AL | |
At-199 | 7,03(15) s | α zu 195Bi EE/β+ zu 199Po | 90(5) % 10(5) % | 6,7773(11) MeV 6,385(19) MeV | AL | |
At-200 | 43(1) s | α zu 196Bi EE/β+ zu 200Po | 52(3) % 48(3) % | 6,5962(13) MeV 7,954(26) MeV | AL | |
At-200m1 | 47(1) s | α zu 196Bi EE/β+ zu 200Po | 43(7) % ≤ 57 % | 112(5) keV | AL | |
At-200m2 | ca. 7,3 s | α zu 196Bi Iso, EE/β+ zu | ca. 10,5 % 89,5 % | 344(5) keV | AL | |
At-201 | 85,2(16) s | α zu 197Bi EE/β+ zu 201Po | 71(7) % 29(7) % | 6,4728(16) MeV 5,732(10) MeV | AL | |
At-202 | 184(1) s | α zu 198Bi EE/β+ zu 202Po | 37(7) % 63(7) % | 6,3538(13) MeV 7,351(29) MeV | AL | |
At-202m1 | 182(2) s | α zu 198Bi EE/β+ zu 202Po | 8,7(15) % 91,3(15) % | +x keV | AL | |
At-202m2 | 0,46(5) s | α zu 198Bi Iso zu 202At | 0,096(11) % 99,90(1) % | 391,7(2)+x keV | AL | |
At-203 | 7,4(2) Minuten | α zu 199Bi EE/β+ zu 203Po | 31(3) % 69(3) % | 6,2101(8) MeV 5,148(14) MeV | AL | |
At-204 | 9,12(11) Minuten | α zu 200Bi EE/β+ zu 204Po | 3,91(16) % 96,09(16) % | 6,0704(12) MeV 6,466(25) MeV | AL | |
At-204m | 108(10) ms | Iso zu 204At | 100 % | 587,3(2) keV | AL | |
At-205 | 26,9(8) Minuten | α zu 201Bi EE/β+ zu 205Po | 10(2) % 90(2) % | 6,0196(17) MeV 4,549(18) MeV | AL | |
At-205m | 7,76(14) μs | 2339,65(23) keV | ||||
At-206 | 30,6(8) Minuten | α zu 202Bi EE/β+ zu 206Po | 0,90(8) % 99,10(8) % | 5,887(5) MeV 5,759(16) MeV | AL | |
At-207 | 1,81(3) Stunden | α zu 203Bi EE/β+ zu 207Po | 8,6(10) % 91,4(10) % | 5,872(3) MeV 3,918(14) MeV | AL | |
At-208 | 1,63(3) Stunden | α zu 204Bi EE/β+ zu 208Po | 0,55(6) % 99,45(6) % | 5,7511(22) MeV 5,000(9) MeV | AL | |
At-209 | 5,42(5) Stunden | α zu 205Bi EE/β+ zu 209Po | 4,1(5) % 95,9(5) % | 5,7569(20) MeV 3,482(5) MeV | AL | |
At-209m | 0,916(10) μs | 2429,32(22) keV | ||||
At-210 | 8,1(4) Stunden | α zu 206Bi EE/β+ zu 210Po | 0,175(20) % 99,825(20) % | 5,6312(10) MeV 3,981(8) MeV | AL | |
At-210m1 | 0,482(6) μs | 2549,6(2) keV | ||||
At-210m2 | 5,66(7) μs | 4027,7(2) keV | ||||
At-211 | 7,214(7) Stunden | α zu 207Bi EE zu 211Po | 41,80(8) % 58,20(8) % | 5,9824(13) MeV 0,785(3) MeV | AL | |
At-211m | 4,23(7) μs | Iso zu 211At | 100 % | 4814,5(5) keV | ||
At-212 | 314(2) ms | α zu 208Bi EE/β+ zu 212Po β- zu 212Rn | > 99 % << 1 % << 1 % | 7,8171(6) MeV 1,7413(26) MeV 0,031(4) MeV | AL | |
At-212m1 | 119(3) ms | α zu 208Bi Iso zu 212At | > 99 % ≤ 1 % | 223(7) keV | AL | |
At-212m2 | 152(5) μs | Iso zu 212At | 4771,6(11) keV | |||
At-213 | 125(6) ns | α zu 209Bi | 100 % | 9,254(5) MeV | AL | |
At-214 | 558(10) ns | α zu 210Bi | 100 % | 8,987(4) MeV | AL | |
At-214m1 | 265(20) ns | α zu 210Bi | < 100 % | 59(9) keV | ||
At-214m2 | 760(15) ns | α zu 210Bi | ≤ 100 % | 232(6) keV | ||
At-215 | 0,10(2) ms | α zu 211Bi | 100 % | 8,178(4) MeV | AL | |
At-216 | 0,30(3) ms | α zu 212Bi EE zu 216Po β- zu 216Rn | > 99 % << 1 % << 1% | 7,950(3) MeV 0,474(4) MeV 2,004(7) MeV | AL | |
At-216m | 0,1 ms | α zu 212Bi | 100 % | 413 keV | ||
At-217 | 32,6(3) ms | α zu 213Bi β- zu 217Rn | 99,993(3) % 0,007(3) % | 7,2013(12) MeV 0,736(6) MeV | AL | |
At-218 | 1,28(6) s | α zu 214Bi β- zu 218Rn | 99,95(5) % 0,05(5) % | 6,8761(26) MeV 2,883(12) MeV | AL | |
At-219 | 56(3) s | α zu 215Bi β- zu 219Rn | 93,6(10) % 6,4(10) % | 6,342(5) MeV 1,5667(29) MeV | AL | |
At-220 | 3,71(4) Minuten | α zu 216Bi β- zu 220Rn | 8(2) % 92(2) % | 6,077(18) MeV 3,764(14) MeV | AL | |
At-221 | 2,3(2) Minuten | β- zu 221Rn | 100 % | 2,311(15) MeV | AL | |
At-222 | 54(10) s | β- zu 222Rn | 100 % | 4,581(16) MeV | AL | |
At-223 | 50(7) s | β- zu 223Rn | 100 % | 3,038(16) MeV | AL | |
At-224 | 1,3 Minuten | β- zu 224Rn | ? | 5,266(24) MeV | AL | |
At-225 | > 300 ns | β- zu 225Rn | ? | 3,86(30) MeV | AL | |
At-226 | > 300 ns | β- zu 226Rn | ? | 5,91(30) MeV | AL | |
At-227 | > 300 ns | β- zu 227Rn β-, n zu 226Rn | ? ? | 4,60(30) MeV 0,66(30) MeV | AL | |
At-228 | > 300 ns | β- zu 228Rn | ? | 6,44(40) MeV | AL | |
At-229 | > 300 ns | β- zu 229Rn β-, n zu 228Rn | ? ? | 5,46(40) MeV 1,51(40) MeV | AL |
Erläuterungen zu den einzelnen Spalten:
1 - Symbol mit Nukleonenzahl.
2 - Z = Anzahl der Protonen (Ordnungszahl).
3 - Massenzahl A.
4 - N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
5 - Bezeichnung des Astat-Isotops; gegebenenfalls Trivialnamen.
6 - Relative Atommasse des Astat-Isotops (Isotopenmasse inklusive Elektronen) und in eckigen Klammern die Masse des Atomkerns (Kernmasse, Nuklidmasse ohne Elektronen), jeweils bezogen auf 12C = 12,00000 [2]. Zusätzlich ist der Massenüberschuss (Massenexzess) in MeV angegeben.
7 - Kernspin I, Einheit: h/2π.
8 - Kernmagnetisches Moment μmag.
9 - Ausgangsnuklide: Mögliche, angenommene oder tatsächliche Ausgangs-Nuklide (Mutternuklide, Elternnuklide). Die entsprechenden Zerfalls-Modi sind gegebenenfalls bei den Daten des jeweiligen Ausgangsnuklids zu finden.
10 - Zerfall: Halbwertszeiten des Astat-Isotops mit a = Jahre; ; d = Tage; h = Stunden; min = Minuten; s = Sekunden.
11 - Zerfall: Zerfallsart in die jeweiligen Tochternuklide mit n = Neutronenemission; p = Protonenemission; α = Alpha-Zerfall; ß- = Beta-Minus-Zerfall unter Elektronenemission; EE = Elektroneneinfang; ß+ = Positronenemission; ε = ß+ und/oder EE; Iso = Isomerieübergang; CZ = Cluster-Zerfall; SZ = Spontanzerfall.
12 - Zerfall: Zerfallsanteil in Prozent (%).
13 - Zerfall: Zerfallsenergie; Partikelenergie bezogen auf Zerfallsart.
14 - AE = Anregungsenergie für metastabile Kerne.
15 - Sonstige Informationen und Hinweise: AL = Weitere Niveaus, so genannte Adopted Levels (Verlinkung auf externe Daten [1]).
Sonstige:
()- Eingeklammerte Ziffern: Unsicherheit zur Darstellung der Streubreite des angegebenen Wertes.
~ - Theoretische Werte oder systematische Trends.
- ungelistet-: Nuklide, die in der Literatur bereits erwänhnt wurden, aber aus irgendwelchen Gründen in den aktuellen Nuklidtabellen nicht mehr zu finden sind, weil sich deren Entdeckung z. B. nicht bestätigt hat.
Strahlenschutz
Für den Umgang mit den Astat-Radionukliden gelten gemäß Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV 2018) unter anderem folgende Werte (Spalten 1 bis 7):
Nuklid | Freigrenzen | HRQ-Schwelle | OFK | Tochternuklide | Halbwertszeit | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At-207 | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 1,8 Stunden | |||
At-211+ | 107 Bq | 1000 Bq/g | 10 Bq cm-2 | 7,2 Stunden |
(HRQ = Hochradioaktive Quellen; OFK = Oberflächenkontamination)
Kernisobare Nuklide des Astats
Zu den Astat-Nukliden isobare Atomkerne befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; Z = Ordnungszahl; A = Nukleonenzahl (Massenzahl).
Z: | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn | Fr | Ra | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu |
191 | 191Ta | 191W | 191Re | 191Os | 191Ir | 191Pt | 191Au | 191Hg | 191Tl | 191Pb | 191Bi | 191Po | 191At | |||||||||
192 | 192Ta | 192W | 192Re | 192Os | 192Ir | 192Pt | 192Au | 192Hg | 192Tl | 192Pb | 192Bi | 192Po | 192At | |||||||||
193 | 193W | 193Re | 193Os | 193Ir | 193Pt | 193Au | 193Hg | 193Tl | 193Pb | 193Bi | 193Po | 193At | 193Rn | |||||||||
194 | 194W | 194Re | 194Os | 194Ir | 194Pt | 194Au | 194Hg | 194Tl | 194Pb | 194Bi | 194Po | 194At | 194Rn | |||||||||
195 | 195Re | 195Os | 195Ir | 195Pt | 195Au | 195Hg | 195Tl | 195Pb | 195Bi | 195Po | 195At | 195Rn | ||||||||||
196 | 196Os | 196Ir | 196Pt | 196Au | 196Hg | 196Tl | 196Pb | 196Bi | 196Po | 196At | 196Rn | |||||||||||
197 | 197Os | 197Ir | 197Pt | 197Au | 197Hg | 197Tl | 197Pb | 197Bi | 197Po | 197At | 197Rn | |||||||||||
198 | 198Os | 198Ir | 198Pt | 198Au | 198Hg | 198Tl | 198Pb | 198Bi | 198Po | 198At | 198Rn | |||||||||||
199 | 199Os | 199Ir | 199Pt | 199Au | 199Hg | 199Tl | 199Pb | 199Bi | 199Po | 199At | 199Rn | 199Fr | ||||||||||
200 | 200Os | 200Ir | 200Pt | 200Au | 200Hg | 200Tl | 200Pb | 200Bi | 200Po | 200At | 200Rn | 200Fr | ||||||||||
201 | 201Ir | 201Pt | 201Au | 201Hg | 201Tl | 201Pb | 201Bi | 201Po | 201At | 201Rn | 201Fr | 201Ra | ||||||||||
202 | 202Ir | 202Pt | 202Au | 202Hg | 202Tl | 202Pb | 202Bi | 202Po | 202At | 202Rn | 202Fr | 202Ra | ||||||||||
203 | 203Pt | 203Au | 203Hg | 203Tl | 203Pb | 203Bi | 203Po | 203At | 203Rn | 203Fr | 203Ra | |||||||||||
204 | 204Pt | 204Au | 204Hg | 204Tl | 204Pb | 204Bi | 204Po | 204At | 204Rn | 204Fr | 204Ra | |||||||||||
205 | 205Pt | 205Au | 205Hg | 205Tl | 205Pb | 205Bi | 205Po | 205At | 205Rn | 205Fr | 205Ra | |||||||||||
206 | 206Au | 206Hg | 206Tl | 206Pb | 206Bi | 206Po | 206At | 206Rn | 206Fr | 206Ra | 206Ac | |||||||||||
207 | 207Au | 207Hg | 207Tl | 207Pb | 207Bi | 207Po | 207At | 207Rn | 207Fr | 207Ra | 207Ac | |||||||||||
208 | 208Au | 208Hg | 208Tl | 208Pb | 208Bi | 208Po | 208At | 208Rn | 208Fr | 208Ra | 208Ac | 208Th | ||||||||||
209 | 209Au | 209Hg | 209Tl | 209Pb | 209Bi | 209Po | 209At | 209Rn | 209Fr | 209Ra | 209Ac | 209Th | ||||||||||
210 | 210Au | 210Hg | 210Tl | 210Pb | 210Bi | 210Po | 210At | 210Rn | 210Fr | 210Ra | 210Ac | 210Th | ||||||||||
211 | 211Hg | 211Tl | 211Pb | 211Bi | 211Po | 211At | 211Rn | 211Fr | 211Ra | 211Ac | 211Th | |||||||||||
212 | 212Hg | 212Tl | 212Pb | 212Bi | 212Po | 212At | 212Rn | 212Fr | 212Ra | 212Ac | 212Th | 212Pa | ||||||||||
213 | 213Hg | 213Tl | 213Pb | 213Bi | 213Po | 213At | 213Rn | 213Fr | 213Ra | 213Ac | 213Th | 213Pa | ||||||||||
214 | 214Hg | 214Tl | 214Pb | 214Bi | 214Po | 214At | 214Rn | 214Fr | 214Ra | 214Ac | 214Th | 214Pa | ||||||||||
215 | 215Hg | 215Tl | 215Pb | 215Bi | 215Po | 215At | 215Rn | 215Fr | 215Ra | 215Ac | 215Th | 215Pa | ||||||||||
216 | 216Hg | 216Tl | 216Pb | 216Bi | 216Po | 216At | 216Rn | 216Fr | 216Ra | 216Ac | 216Th | 216Pa | ||||||||||
217 | 217Tl | 217Pb | 217Bi | 217Po | 217At | 217Rn | 217Fr | 217Ra | 217Ac | 217Th | 217Pa | 217U | ||||||||||
218 | 218Pb | 218Bi | 218Po | 218At | 218Rn | 218Fr | 218Ra | 218Ac | 218Th | 218Pa | 218U | |||||||||||
219 | 219Pb | 219Bi | 219Po | 219At | 219Rn | 219Fr | 219Ra | 219Ac | 219Th | 219Pa | 219U | |||||||||||
220 | 220Pb | 220Bi | 220Po | 220At | 220Rn | 220Fr | 220Ra | 220Ac | 220Th | 220Pa | 220U | |||||||||||
221 | 221Bi | 221Po | 221At | 221Rn | 221Fr | 221Ra | 221Ac | 221Th | 221Pa | 221U | ||||||||||||
222 | 222Po | 222At | 222Rn | 222Fr | 222Ra | 222Ac | 222Th | 222Pa | 222U | |||||||||||||
223 | 223Po | 223At | 223Rn | 223Fr | 223Ra | 223Ac | 223Th | 223Pa | 223U | |||||||||||||
224 | 224Po | 224At | 224Rn | 224Fr | 224Ra | 224Ac | 224Th | 224Pa | 224U | |||||||||||||
225 | 225Po | 225At | 225Rn | 225Fr | 225Ra | 225Ac | 225Th | 225Pa | 225U | 225Np | ||||||||||||
226 | 226Po | 226At | 226Rn | 226Fr | 226Ra | 226Ac | 226Th | 226Pa | 226U | 226Np | ||||||||||||
227 | 227Po | 227At | 227Rn | 227Fr | 227Ra | 227Ac | 227Th | 227Pa | 227U | 227Np | ||||||||||||
228 | 228At | 228Rn | 228Fr | 228Ra | 228Ac | 228Th | 228Pa | 228U | 228Np | 228Pu | ||||||||||||
229 | 229At | 229Rn | 229Fr | 229Ra | 229Ac | 229Th | 229Pa | 229U | 229Np | 229Pu |
Kernisotone Nuklide des Astats
Die zu den Astat-Kernen isotonen Nuklide befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
171Tb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
172Dy | 173Dy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
173Ho | 174Ho | 175Ho | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
174Er | 175Er | 176Er | 177Er | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
175Tm | 176Tm | 177Tm | 178Tm | 179Tm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
176Yb | 177Yb | 178Yb | 179Yb | 180Yb | 181Yb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
177Lu | 178Lu | 179Lu | 180Lu | 181Lu | 182Lu | 183Lu | 184Lu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
178Hf | 179Hf | 180Hf | 181Hf | 182Hf | 183Hf | 184Hf | 185Hf | 186Hf | 187Hf | 188Hf | 189Hf | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
179Ta | 180Ta | 181Ta | 182Ta | 183Ta | 184Ta | 185Ta | 186Ta | 187Ta | 188Ta | 189Ta | 190Ta | 191Ta | 192Ta | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
180W | 181W | 182W | 183W | 184W | 185W | 186W | 187W | 188W | 189W | 190W | 191W | 192W | 193W | 194W | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
181Re | 182Re | 183Re | 184Re | 185Re | 186Re | 187Re | 188Re | 189Re | 190Re | 191Re | 192Re | 193Re | 194Re | 195Re | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
182Os | 183Os | 184Os | 185Os | 186Os | 187Os | 188Os | 189Os | 190Os | 191Os | 192Os | 193Os | 194Os | 195Os | 196Os | 197Os | 198Os | 199Os | 200Os | ||||||||||||||||||||
183Ir | 184Ir | 185Ir | 186Ir | 187Ir | 188Ir | 189Ir | 190Ir | 191Ir | 192Ir | 193Ir | 194Ir | 195Ir | 196Ir | 197Ir | 198Ir | 199Ir | 200Ir | 201Ir | 202Ir | |||||||||||||||||||
184Pt | 185Pt | 186Pt | 187Pt | 188Pt | 189Pt | 190Pt | 191Pt | 192Pt | 193Pt | 194Pt | 195Pt | 196Pt | 197Pt | 198Pt | 199Pt | 200Pt | 201Pt | 202Pt | 203Pt | 204Pt | 205Pt | |||||||||||||||||
185Au | 186Au | 187Au | 188Au | 189Au | 190Au | 191Au | 192Au | 193Au | 194Au | 195Au | 196Au | 197Au | 198Au | 199Au | 200Au | 201Au | 202Au | 203Au | 204Au | 205Au | 206Au | 207Au | 208Au | 209Au | 210Au | |||||||||||||
186Hg | 187Hg | 188Hg | 189Hg | 190Hg | 191Hg | 192Hg | 193Hg | 194Hg | 195Hg | 196Hg | 197Hg | 198Hg | 199Hg | 200Hg | 201Hg | 202Hg | 203Hg | 204Hg | 205Hg | 206Hg | 207Hg | 208Hg | 209Hg | 210Hg | 211Hg | 212Hg | 213Hg | 214Hg | 215Hg | 216Hg | ||||||||
187Tl | 188Tl | 189Tl | 190Tl | 191Tl | 192Tl | 193Tl | 194Tl | 195Tl | 196Tl | 197Tl | 198Tl | 199Tl | 200Tl | 201Tl | 202Tl | 203Tl | 204Tl | 205Tl | 206Tl | 207Tl | 208Tl | 209Tl | 210Tl | 211Tl | 212Tl | 213Tl | 214Tl | 215Tl | 216Tl | 217Tl | ||||||||
188Pb | 189Pb | 190Pb | 191Pb | 192Pb | 193Pb | 194Pb | 195Pb | 196Pb | 197Pb | 198Pb | 199Pb | 200Pb | 201Pb | 202Pb | 203Pb | 204Pb | 205Pb | 206Pb | 207Pb | 208Pb | 209Pb | 210Pb | 211Pb | 212Pb | 213Pb | 214Pb | 215Pb | 216Pb | 217Pb | 218Pb | 219Pb | 220Pb | ||||||
189Bi | 190Bi | 191Bi | 192Bi | 193Bi | 194Bi | 195Bi | 196Bi | 197Bi | 198Bi | 199Bi | 200Bi | 201Bi | 202Bi | 203Bi | 204Bi | 205Bi | 206Bi | 207Bi | 208Bi | 209Bi | 210Bi | 211Bi | 212Bi | 213Bi | 214Bi | 215Bi | 216Bi | 217Bi | 218Bi | 219Bi | 220Bi | 221Bi | ||||||
190Po | 191Po | 192Po | 193Po | 194Po | 195Po | 196Po | 197Po | 198Po | 199Po | 200Po | 201Po | 202Po | 203Po | 204Po | 205Po | 206Po | 207Po | 208Po | 209Po | 210Po | 211Po | 212Po | 213Po | 214Po | 215Po | 216Po | 217Po | 218Po | 219Po | 220Po | 221Po | 222Po | 223Po | 224Po | 225Po | 226Po | 227Po | |
191At | 192At | 193At | 194At | 195At | 196At | 197At | 198At | 199At | 200At | 201At | 202At | 203At | 204At | 205At | 206At | 207At | 208At | 209At | 210At | 211At | 212At | 213At | 214At | 215At | 216At | 217At | 218At | 219At | 220At | 221At | 222At | 223At | 224At | 225At | 226At | 227At | 228At | 229At |
193Rn | 194Rn | 195Rn | 196Rn | 197Rn | 198Rn | 199Rn | 200Rn | 201Rn | 202Rn | 203Rn | 204Rn | 205Rn | 206Rn | 207Rn | 208Rn | 209Rn | 210Rn | 211Rn | 212Rn | 213Rn | 214Rn | 215Rn | 216Rn | 217Rn | 218Rn | 219Rn | 220Rn | 221Rn | 222Rn | 223Rn | 224Rn | 225Rn | 226Rn | 227Rn | 228Rn | 229Rn | 230Rn | |
199Fr | 200Fr | 201Fr | 202Fr | 203Fr | 204Fr | 205Fr | 206Fr | 207Fr | 208Fr | 209Fr | 210Fr | 211Fr | 212Fr | 213Fr | 214Fr | 215Fr | 216Fr | 217Fr | 218Fr | 219Fr | 220Fr | 221Fr | 222Fr | 223Fr | 224Fr | 225Fr | 226Fr | 227Fr | 228Fr | 229Fr | 230Fr | 231Fr | ||||||
201Ra | 202Ra | 203Ra | 204Ra | 205Ra | 206Ra | 207Ra | 208Ra | 209Ra | 210Ra | 211Ra | 212Ra | 213Ra | 214Ra | 215Ra | 216Ra | 217Ra | 218Ra | 219Ra | 220Ra | 221Ra | 222Ra | 223Ra | 224Ra | 225Ra | 226Ra | 227Ra | 228Ra | 229Ra | 230Ra | 231Ra | 232Ra | |||||||
205Ac | 206Ac | 207Ac | 208Ac | 209Ac | 210Ac | 211Ac | 212Ac | 213Ac | 214Ac | 215Ac | 216Ac | 217Ac | 218Ac | 219Ac | 220Ac | 221Ac | 222Ac | 223Ac | 224Ac | 225Ac | 226Ac | 227Ac | 228Ac | 229Ac | 230Ac | 231Ac | 232Ac | 233Ac | ||||||||||
208Th | 209Th | 210Th | 211Th | 212Th | 213Th | 214Th | 215Th | 216Th | 217Th | 218Th | 219Th | 220Th | 221Th | 222Th | 223Th | 224Th | 225Th | 226Th | 227Th | 228Th | 229Th | 230Th | 231Th | 232Th | 233Th | 234Th | ||||||||||||
212Pa | 213Pa | 214Pa | 215Pa | 216Pa | 217Pa | 218Pa | 219Pa | 220Pa | 221Pa | 222Pa | 223Pa | 224Pa | 225Pa | 226Pa | 227Pa | 228Pa | 229Pa | 230Pa | 231Pa | 232Pa | 233Pa | 234Pa | 235Pa | |||||||||||||||
216U | 217U | 218U | 219U | 220U | 221U | 222U | 223U | 224U | 225U | 226U | 227U | 228U | 229U | 230U | 231U | 232U | 233U | 234U | 235U | 236U | ||||||||||||||||||
219Np | 225Np | 226Np | 227Np | 228Np | 229Np | 230Np | 231Np | 232Np | 233Np | 234Np | 235Np | 236Np | 237Np | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
228Pu | 229Pu | 230Pu | 231Pu | 232Pu | 233Pu | 234Pu | 235Pu | 236Pu | 237Pu | 238Pu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
223Am | 229Am | 230Am | 231Am | 232Am | 233Am | 234Am | 235Am | 236Am | 237Am | 238Am | 239Am | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
232Cm | 233Cm | 234Cm | 235Cm | 236Cm | 237Cm | 238Cm | 239Cm | 240Cm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
233Bk | 234Bk | 235Bk | 236Bk | 237Bk | 238Bk | 239Bk | 240Bk | 241Bk | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
237Cf | 238Cf | 239Cf | 240Cf | 241Cf | 242Cf | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
240Es | 241Es | 242Es | 243Es | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
241Fm | 242Fm | 243Fm | 244Fm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
244Md | 245Md |
Literatur und Hinweise
Eigenschaften der Astat-Isotope
[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.
[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.
Astat: Kernmagnetische Eigenschaften
[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.
[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.
[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.
[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).
Weitere Quellen:
[8] - Isotopenhäufigkeiten, Atommassen und Isotopenmassen: Siehe unter dem jeweiligen Stichwort.
[9] - G. W. Barton, Jr., A. Ghiorso, I. Perlman:
Radioactivity of Astatine Isotopes.
In: Physical Review, (1951), DOI 10.1103/PhysRev.82.13.
[10] - L.M. Cobb et al.:
Toxicity of Astatine-211 in the Mouse.
In: Human and Experimental Toxicology, (1988), DOI 10.1177/096032718800700602.
[11] - Michael J. Willhauck et al.:
The potential of 211Astatine for NIS-mediated radionuclide therapy in prostate cancer.
In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, (2008), DOI 10.1007/s00259-008-0775-4.
[12] - David Leimbach, Julia Karls, Yangyang Guo et al.:
The electron affinity of astatine.
In: Nature Communications, (2020), DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3924371.
Kategorie: Chemische Elemente
Letzte Änderung am 12.12.2022.
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