Unter Gadolinium-Isotope werden alle Atomkerne des chemischen Elements Gadolinium zusammengefasst; diese bestehen allesamt aus einem Atomkern mit 64 Protonen und im ungeladenen Zustand aus 64 Elektronen. Der Unterschied zwischen den einzelnen Gadolinium-Isotopen beruht auf der Anzahl der Neutronen im Kern.
Natürlich auftretende Gadolinium-Isotope
Natürliche irdische Gadolinium-Vorkommen bestehen aus 6 stabilen Nukliden und einem Radionuklid:
Atommasse Ar | Anteil | Halbwertszeit | Spin | |
Gadolinium Isotopengemisch | 157,25 u | 100 % | ||
Isotop 152Gd | 151,91980(2) u | 0,20(3) % | 1,08(8) × 1014 Jahre | 0+ |
Isotop 154Gd | 153,92087(2) u | 2,18(2) % | stabil | 0+ |
Isotop 155Gd | 154,92263(2) u | 14,80(9) % | stabil | 3/2- |
Isotop 156Gd | 155,92213(2) u | 20,47(3) % | stabil | 0+ |
Isotop 157Gd | 156,92397(2) u | 15,65(4) % | stabil | 3/2- |
Isotop 158Gd | 157,92411(2) u | 24,84(8) % | stabil | 0+ |
Isotop 160Gd | 159,92706(2) u | 21,86(3) % | stabil | 0+ |
Darüber hinaus wurden mehr als 30 weitere Gadoliniumisotope sowie mehrere Kernisomeren charakterisiert, die alle instabil sind:
Isotopentabelle: Gadolinium
Isotop Nuklid | Z | A | N | Name | Atommasse [Kernmasse] {Massenüberschuss} | Spin I (h/2π) | μ | A-Nuk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
134Gd | 64 | 134 | 70 | Gadolinium-134 | 133,95566(43) u [133,9205537 u] {-41,30244 MeV} | 0+ | ||
135Gd | 64 | 135 | 71 | Gadolinium-135 | 134,95234(43) u [134,9172337 u] {-44,395 MeV} | (5/2+) | ||
136Gd | 64 | 136 | 72 | Gadolinium-136 | 135,94730(32) u [135,9121937 u] {-49,08973 MeV} | (0+) | ||
137Gd | 64 | 137 | 73 | Gadolinium-137 | 136,94502(32) u [136,9099137 u] {-51,21354 MeV} | (7/2) | ||
138Gd | 64 | 138 | 74 | Gadolinium-138 | 137,94010(21) u [137,9049937 u] {-55,79649 MeV} | 0+ | ||
139Gd | 64 | 139 | 75 | Gadolinium-139 | 138,93813(21) u [138,9030237 u] {-57,63153 MeV} | (9/2-) | 139Tb | |
139mGd | 64 | 139 | 75 | Gadolinium-139m | 138,93813(21) u [138,9030237 u] {-57,63153 MeV} | |||
140Gd | 64 | 140 | 76 | Gadolinium-140 | 139,93367(3) u [139,8985637 u] {-61,786 MeV} | 0+ | 140Tb | |
141Gd | 64 | 141 | 77 | Gadolinium-141 | 140,932126(21) u [140,8970197 u] {-63,22422 MeV} | 1/2+ | 141Tb | |
141mGd | 64 | 141 | 77 | Gadolinium-141m | 140,932126(21) u [140,8970197 u] {-63,22422 MeV} | 11/2- | ||
142Gd | 64 | 142 | 78 | Gadolinium-142 | 141,92812(3) u [141,8930137 u] {-66,95579 MeV} | 0+ | 142Tb | |
143Gd | 64 | 143 | 79 | Gadolinium-143 | 142,9267(22) u [142,8915937 u] {-68,27851 MeV} | (1/2)+ | 143Tb | |
143mGd | 64 | 143 | 79 | Gadolinium-143m | 142,9267(22) u [142,8915937 u] {-68,27851 MeV} | (11/2-) | ||
144Gd | 64 | 144 | 80 | Gadolinium-144 | 143,92296(3) u [143,8878537 u] {-71,7623 MeV} | 0+ | 144Tb | |
145Gd | 64 | 145 | 81 | Gadolinium-145 | 144,921710(21) u [144,8866037 u] {-72,92667 MeV} | 1/2+ | - 0,74(5) | 145Tb |
145mGd | 64 | 145 | 81 | Gadolinium-145m | 144,921710(21) u [144,8866037 u] {-72,92667 MeV} | 11/2- | -1,0(2) | |
146Gd | 64 | 146 | 82 | Gadolinium-146 | 145,918319(4) u [145,8832127 u] {-76,08536 MeV} | 0+ | 146Tb 150Dy | |
147Gd | 64 | 147 | 83 | Gadolinium-147 | 146,9191010(21) u [146,8839947 u] {-75,35693 MeV} | 7/2- | 1,02(9) | 147Tb 151Dy |
148Gd | 64 | 148 | 84 | Gadolinium-148 | 147,9181215(17) u [147,8830152 u] {-76,26933 MeV} | 0+ | 148Tb 152Dy | |
149Gd | 64 | 149 | 85 | Gadolinium-149 | 148,919348(4) u [148,8842417 u] {-75,12685 MeV} | 7/2- | 0,88(4) | 149Tb 153Dy |
150Gd | 64 | 150 | 86 | Gadolinium-150 | 149,918664(7) u [149,8835577 u] {-75,764 MeV} | 0+ | 150Tb 154Dy 150Eu | |
151Gd | 64 | 151 | 87 | Gadolinium-151 | 150,920355(3) u [150,8852487 u] {-74,18884 MeV} | 7/2- | 0,77(6) | 151Tb |
152Gd | 64 | 152 | 88 | Gadolinium-152 | 151,91980(2) u [151,8846937 u] {-74,70582 MeV} | 0+ | 152Tb 152Eu | |
153Gd | 64 | 153 | 89 | Gadolinium-153 | 152,9217574(13) u [152,8866511 u] {-72,88251 MeV} | 3/2- | 0,38(8) | 153Tb |
153m1Gd | 64 | 153 | 89 | Gadolinium-153m1 | 152,9217574(13) u [152,8866511 u] {-72,88251 MeV} | (9/2+) | ||
153m2Gd | 64 | 153 | 89 | Gadolinium-153m2 | 152,9217574(13) u [152,8866511 u] {-72,88251 MeV} | (11/2-) | ||
154Gd | 64 | 154 | 90 | Gadolinium-154 | 153,92087(2) u [153,8857637 u] {-73,70912 MeV} | 0+ | 154Tb 154Eu | |
155Gd | 64 | 155 | 91 | Gadolinium-155 | 154,92263(2) u [154,8875237 u] {-72,06969 MeV} | 3/2- | - 0,25723(35) | 155Tb 155Eu |
155mGd | 64 | 155 | 91 | Gadolinium-155m | 154,92263(2) u [154,8875237 u] {-72,06969 MeV} | 11/2- | ||
156Gd | 64 | 156 | 92 | Gadolinium-156 | 155,92213(2) u [155,8870237 u] {-72,53544 MeV} | 0+ | 156Tb 156Eu | |
156mGd | 64 | 156 | 92 | Gadolinium-156m | 155,92213(2) u [155,8870237 u] {-72,53544 MeV} | 7- | ||
157Gd | 64 | 157 | 93 | Gadolinium-157 | 156,92397(2) u [156,8888637 u] {-70,82149 MeV} | 3/2- | - 0,3398(7) | 157Tb 157Eu |
158Gd | 64 | 158 | 94 | Gadolinium-158 | 157,92411(2) u [157,8890037 u] {-70,69108 MeV} | 0+ | 158Tb 158Eu | |
159Gd | 64 | 159 | 95 | Gadolinium-159 | 158,9263963(13) u [158,89129 u] {-68,5614 MeV} | 3/2- | - 0,44(3) | 159Eu |
159mGd | 64 | 159 | 95 | Gadolinium-159m | 158,9263963(13) u [158,89129 u] {-68,5614 MeV} | 5/2+ | ||
160Gd | 64 | 160 | 96 | Gadolinium-160 | 159,92706(2) u [159,8919537 u] {-67,94317 MeV} | 0+ | 160Eu 252Cf | |
161Gd | 64 | 161 | 97 | Gadolinium-161 | 160,9296763(16) u [160,89457 u] {-65,5061 MeV} | 5/2- | 161Eu | |
162Gd | 64 | 162 | 98 | Gadolinium-162 | 161,930992(4) u [161,8958857 u] {-64,28054 MeV} | 0+ | 252Cf | |
163Gd | 64 | 163 | 99 | Gadolinium-163 | 162,934177(9) u [162,8990707 u] {-61,31373 MeV} | (5/2-,7/2+) | ||
164Gd | 64 | 164 | 100 | Gadolinium-164 | 163,93586(43) u [163,9007537 u] {-59,74603 MeV} | 0+ | 252Cf | |
165Gd | 64 | 165 | 101 | Gadolinium-165 | 164,93939(13) u [164,9042837 u] {-56,45785 MeV} | |||
166Gd | 64 | 166 | 102 | Gadolinium-166 | 165,94146(21) u [165,9063537 u] {-54,52966 MeV} | 0+ | ||
167Gd | 64 | 167 | 103 | Gadolinium-167 | 166,94545(32) u [166,9103437 u] {-50,813 MeV} | (5/2-) | ||
168Gd | 64 | 168 | 104 | Gadolinium-168 | 167,94808(43) u [167,9129737 u] {-48,36317 MeV} | 0+ | ||
169Gd | 64 | 169 | 105 | Gadolinium-169 | 168,95260(54) u [168,9174937 u] {-44,15282 MeV} | (7/2-) | ||
170Gd | 64 | 170 | 106 | Gadolinium-170 | 169,95558(64) u [169,9204737 u] {-41,37696 MeV} | 0+ |
Isotop | Zerfall (radioaktiver Zerfall) | AE | Mehr | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Halbwertszeit | Zerfallsart | Anteil | Energie | Info | ||
1 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Gd-134 | AL | |||||
Gd-135 | 1,1(2) s | EE, β+ zu 135Eu EE, p 134Sm | 82 % 18 % | 9,76(45) MeV | AL | |
Gd-136 | 200 ns | AL | ||||
Gd-137 | 2,2(2) s | EE β+ zu 137Eu EE, p zu 136Sm | 100 % ? | 8,93(30) MeV | AL | |
Gd-138 | 4,7(9) s | EE β+ zu 138Eu | 100 % | 5,95(20) MeV | AL | |
Gd-139 | 5,8(9) s | EE β+ zu 139Eu EE, p zu 138Sm | 100 % ? | 7,77(20) MeV | AL | |
Gd-139m | 4,8(9) s | EE β+ zu 139Eu EE, p zu 138Sm | 100 % ? | +x keV | ||
Gd-140 | 15,8(4) s | EE β+ zu 140Eu | 100 % | 5,20(6) MeV | AL | |
Gd-141 | 14(4) s | EE β+ zu 141Eu β+, p zu 140Sm | 99,97 % 0,03(1) % | 6,701(23) MeV | AL | |
Gd-141m | 24,5(5) s | EE β+ zu 141Eu Iso zu 141Gd | 89(2) % 11(2) % | 377,76(9) keV | ||
Gd-142 | 70,2(6) s | EE β+ zu 142Eu | 100 % | 4,35(4) MeV | AL | |
Gd-143 | 39(2) s | EE β+ zu 143Eu | 100 % | 6,01(20) MeV | AL | |
Gd-143m | 110,0(14) s | EE β+ zu 143Eu | 100 % | 152,6 keV | AL | |
Gd-144 | 4,47(6) Minuten | EE β+ zu 144Eu | 100 % | 3,86(3) MeV | AL | |
Gd-145 | 23,0(4) Minuten | EE β+ zu 145Eu | 100 % | 5,065(20) MeV | AL | |
Gd-145m | 85(3) s | Iso zu 145Gd EE β+ zu 145Eu | 94,3(5) % 5,7(5) % | 749,1(2) keV | ||
Gd-146 | 48,27(9) Tage | EE β+ zu 146Eu | 100 % | 1,032(7) MeV | AL | |
Gd-147 | 38,06(12) Stunden | EE β+ zu 147Eu | 100 % | 2,188(3) MeV | AL | |
Gd-148 | 71,1(12) Jahre | α zu 144Sm | 100 % | 3,27129(3) MeV | AL | |
Gd-149 | 9,28(10) Tage | EE β+ zu 149Eu α zu 145Sm | > 99 % << 1 % | 1,314(4) MeV 3,099(3) MeV | AL | |
Gd-150 | 1,79(8) × 106 Jahre | α zu 146Sm | 100 % | 2,807(6) MeV | AL | |
Gd-151 | 123,9(10) Tage | EE zu 151Eu α zu 147Sm | > 99 % << 1 % | 0,464(4) MeV 2,6527(29) MeV | AL | |
Gd-152 | 1,08(8) × 1014 Jahre | α zu 148Sm | 100 % | 2,2044(10) MeV | AL | |
Gd-153 | 240,4(10) Tage | EE zu 152Eu | 100 % | 0,4847(18) MeV | AL | |
Gd-153m1 | 3,5(4) μs | Iso zu 153Gd | 100 % | 95,1736(8) keV | ||
Gd-153m2 | 76,0(14) μs | Iso zu 153Gd | 100 % | 171,188(4) keV | ||
Gd-154 | stabil | AL | ||||
Gd-155 | stabil | AL | ||||
Gd-155m | 31,97(27) ms | Iso zu 155Gd | 100 % | 121,05(19) keV | ||
Gd-156 | stabil | AL | ||||
Gd-156m | 1,3(1) μs | |||||
Gd-157 | stabil | AL | ||||
Gd-158 | stabil | AL | ||||
Gd-159 | 18,479(4) Stunden | β- zu 159Tb | 100 % | 0,9709(8) MeV | AL | |
Gd-159m | 26,2(8) ns | Iso zu 159Gd | 100 % | 67,829(24) keV | ||
Gd-160 | stabil | AL | ||||
Gd-161 | 3,66(5) Minuten | β- zu 161Tb | 100 % | 1,9556(14) MeV | AL | |
Gd-162 | 8,4(2) Minuten | β- zu 162Tb | 100 % | 1,40(4) MeV | AL | |
Gd-163 | 68(3) s | β- zu 163Tb | 100 % | 3,282(9) MeV | AL | |
Gd-164 | 45(3) s | β- zu 164Tb | 100 % | 2,30(14) MeV | AL | |
Gd-165 | 10,3(16) s | β- zu 165Tb | 100 % | 4,11(6) MeV | AL | |
Gd-166 | 4,8(10) s | β- zu 166Tb | 100 % | 3,35(21) MeV | AL | |
Gd-167 | 4,26 s | β- zu 167Tb | 100 % | 5,11(36) MeV | AL | |
Gd-168 | 3,03(16) s | β- zu 168Tb | 100 % | 4,36(50) MeV | AL | |
Gd-169 | 0,75(21) s | β- zu 169Tb β-, n zu 168Tb | 100 % ? | 6,18(58) MeV 0,50(58) MeV | AL | |
Gd-170 | 0,41 s | β- zu 170Tb β-, n zu 168Tb | 100 % ? | 5,34(72) MeV 0,88(67) MeV |
Erläuterungen zu den einzelnen Spalten:
1 - Symbol mit Nukleonenzahl.
2 - Z = Anzahl der Protonen (Ordnungszahl).
3 - Massenzahl A.
4 - N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
5 - Bezeichnung des Gadolinium-Isotops; gegebenenfalls Trivialnamen.
6 - Relative Atommasse des Gadolinium-Isotops (Isotopenmasse inklusive Elektronen) und in eckigen Klammern die Masse des Atomkerns (Kernmasse, Nuklidmasse ohne Elektronen), jeweils bezogen auf 12C = 12,00000 [2]. Zusätzlich ist der Massenüberschuss (Massenexzess) in MeV angegeben.
7 - Kernspin I, Einheit: h/2π.
8 - Kernmagnetisches Moment μmag.
9 - Ausgangsnuklide: Mögliche, angenommene oder tatsächliche Ausgangs-Nuklide (Mutternuklide, Elternnuklide). Die entsprechenden Zerfalls-Modi sind gegebenenfalls bei den Daten des jeweiligen Ausgangsnuklids zu finden.
10 - Zerfall: Halbwertszeiten des Gadolinium-Isotops mit a = Jahre; ; d = Tage; h = Stunden; min = Minuten; s = Sekunden.
11 - Zerfall: Zerfallsart in die jeweiligen Tochternuklide mit n = Neutronenemission; p = Protonenemission; α = Alpha-Zerfall; ß- = Beta-Minus-Zerfall unter Elektronenemission; EE = Elektroneneinfang; ß+ = Positronenemission; ε = ß+ und/oder EE; Iso = Isomerieübergang; CZ = Cluster-Zerfall; SZ = Spontanzerfall.
12 - Zerfall: Zerfallsanteil in Prozent (%).
13 - Zerfall: Zerfallsenergie; Partikelenergie bezogen auf Zerfallsart.
14 - AE = Anregungsenergie für metastabile Kerne.
15 - Sonstige Informationen und Hinweise: AL = Weitere Niveaus, so genannte Adopted Levels (Verlinkung auf externe Daten [1]).
Sonstige:
()- Eingeklammerte Ziffern: Unsicherheit zur Darstellung der Streubreite des angegebenen Wertes.
~ - Theoretische Werte oder systematische Trends.
- ungelistet-: Nuklide, die in der Literatur bereits erwänhnt wurden, aber aus irgendwelchen Gründen in den aktuellen Nuklidtabellen nicht mehr zu finden sind, weil sich deren Entdeckung z. B. nicht bestätigt hat.
NMR-aktive Gadolinium-Nuklide
Nuklid Anteil Spin I | Kernmagnetisches Moment μ/μN | Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis 107 rad T-1 s-1 | Quadrupol- Moment Q [barn] | Resonanz- Frequenz v0 bei 1 T | Relative Empfindlichkeit H0 = const. v0 = const. * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
155Gd 14,80(9) % 3/2- | - 0,25723(35) | 0,8273 | 1,27(3) | 1,312 | 0,00015 0,1541 |
157Gd 15,65(4) % 3/2- | - 0,3398(7) | 1,0792 | 1,35(3) | 1,720 | 0,00033 0,2020 |
*) bezogen auf 1H = 1,000
Strahlenschutz
Für den Umgang mit den Gadolinium-Radionukliden gelten gemäß Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV 2018) unter anderem folgende Werte (Spalten 1 bis 7):
Nuklid | Freigrenzen | HRQ-Schwelle | OFK | Tochternuklide | Halbwertszeit | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gd-145 | 105 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 23,0 Minuten | |||
Gd-146+ | 106 Bq | 1 Bq/g | 0,03 TBq | Eu-146 | 48,3 Tage | |
Gd-147 | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 38,1 Stunden | |||
Gd-148 | 104 Bq | 1 Bq/g | 0,4 TBq | 74,6 Jahre | ||
Gd-149 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 9,3 Tage | |||
Gd-151 | 107 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 124,0 Tage | |||
Gd-152 | 104 Bq | 1 Bq/g | 1,1 × 1014 Jahre | |||
Gd-153 | 107 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 1 T Bq | 10 Bq cm-2 | 240,4 Tage | |
Gd-159 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 2 TBq | 100 Bq cm-2 | 18,5 Stunden |
(HRQ = Hochradioaktive Quellen; OFK = Oberflächenkontamination)
Kernisobare Nuklide des Gadoliniums
Zu den Gadolinium-Nukliden isobare Atomkerne befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; Z = Ordnungszahl; A = Nukleonenzahl (Massenzahl).
Z: | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe | Cs | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt |
134 | 134In | 134Sn | 134Sb | 134Te | 134I | 134Xe | 134Cs | 134Ba | 134La | 134Ce | 134Pr | 134Nd | 134Pm | 134Sm | 134Eu | 134Gd | ||||||||||||||
135 | 135In | 135Sn | 135Sb | 135Te | 135I | 135Xe | 135Cs | 135Ba | 135La | 135Ce | 135Pr | 135Nd | 135Pm | 135Sm | 135Eu | 135Gd | 135Tb | |||||||||||||
136 | 136Sn | 136Sb | 136Te | 136I | 136Xe | 136Cs | 136Ba | 136La | 136Ce | 136Pr | 136Nd | 136Pm | 136Sm | 136Eu | 136Gd | 136Tb | ||||||||||||||
137 | 137Sn | 137Sb | 137Te | 137I | 137Xe | 137Cs | 137Ba | 137La | 137Ce | 137Pr | 137Nd | 137Pm | 137Sm | 137Eu | 137Gd | 137Tb | ||||||||||||||
138 | 138Sn | 138Sb | 138Te | 138I | 138Xe | 138Cs | 138Ba | 138La | 138Ce | 138Pr | 138Nd | 138Pm | 138Sm | 138Eu | 138Gd | 138Tb | 138Dy | |||||||||||||
139 | 139Sb | 139Te | 139I | 139Xe | 139Cs | 139Ba | 139La | 139Ce | 139Pr | 139Nd | 139Pm | 139Sm | 139Eu | 139Gd | 139Tb | 139Dy | ||||||||||||||
140 | 140Sb | 140Te | 140I | 140Xe | 140Cs | 140Ba | 140La | 140Ce | 140Pr | 140Nd | 140Pm | 140Sm | 140Eu | 140Gd | 140Tb | 140Dy | 140Ho | |||||||||||||
141 | 141Te | 141I | 141Xe | 141Cs | 141Ba | 141La | 141Ce | 141Pr | 141Nd | 141Pm | 141Sm | 141Eu | 141Gd | 141Tb | 141Dy | 141Ho | ||||||||||||||
142 | 142Te | 142I | 142Xe | 142Cs | 142Ba | 142La | 142Ce | 142Pr | 142Nd | 142Pm | 142Sm | 142Eu | 142Gd | 142Tb | 142Dy | 142Ho | ||||||||||||||
143 | 143Te | 143I | 143Xe | 143Cs | 143Ba | 143La | 143Ce | 143Pr | 143Nd | 143Pm | 143Sm | 143Eu | 143Gd | 143Tb | 143Dy | 143Ho | 143Er | |||||||||||||
144 | 144I | 144Xe | 144Cs | 144Ba | 144La | 144Ce | 144Pr | 144Nd | 144Pm | 144Sm | 144Eu | 144Gd | 144Tb | 144Dy | 144Ho | 144Er | 144Tm | |||||||||||||
145 | 145I | 145Xe | 145Cs | 145Ba | 145La | 145Ce | 145Pr | 145Nd | 145Pm | 145Sm | 145Eu | 145Gd | 145Tb | 145Dy | 145Ho | 145Er | 145Tm | |||||||||||||
146 | 146Xe | 146Cs | 146Ba | 146La | 146Ce | 146Pr | 146Nd | 146Pm | 146Sm | 146Eu | 146Gd | 146Tb | 146Dy | 146Ho | 146Er | 146Tm | ||||||||||||||
147 | 147Xe | 147Cs | 147Ba | 147La | 147Ce | 147Pr | 147Nd | 147Pm | 147Sm | 147Eu | 147Gd | 147Tb | 147Dy | 147Ho | 147Er | 147Tm | ||||||||||||||
148 | 148Xe | 148Cs | 148Ba | 148La | 148Ce | 148Pr | 148Nd | 148Pm | 148Sm | 148Eu | 148Gd | 148Tb | 148Dy | 148Ho | 148Er | 148Tm | 148Yb | |||||||||||||
149 | 149Cs | 149Ba | 149La | 149Ce | 149Pr | 149Nd | 149Pm | 149Sm | 149Eu | 149Gd | 149Tb | 149Dy | 149Ho | 149Er | 149Tm | 149Yb | ||||||||||||||
150 | 150Cs | 150Ba | 150La | 150Ce | 150Pr | 150Nd | 150Pm | 150Sm | 150Eu | 150Gd | 150Tb | 150Dy | 150Ho | 150Er | 150Tm | 150Yb | 150Lu | |||||||||||||
151 | 151Cs | 151Ba | 151La | 151Ce | 151Pr | 151Nd | 151Pm | 151Sm | 151Eu | 151Gd | 151Tb | 151Dy | 151Ho | 151Er | 151Tm | 151Yb | 151Lu | |||||||||||||
152 | 152Ba | 152La | 152Ce | 152Pr | 152Nd | 152Pm | 152Sm | 152Eu | 152Gd | 152Tb | 152Dy | 152Ho | 152Er | 152Tm | 152Yb | 152Lu | ||||||||||||||
153 | 153Ba | 153La | 153Ce | 153Pr | 153Nd | 153Pm | 153Sm | 153Eu | 153Gd | 153Tb | 153Dy | 153Ho | 153Er | 153Tm | 153Yb | 153Lu | 153Hf | |||||||||||||
154 | 154La | 154Ce | 154Pr | 154Nd | 154Pm | 154Sm | 154Eu | 154Gd | 154Tb | 154Dy | 154Ho | 154Er | 154Tm | 154Yb | 154Lu | 154Hf | ||||||||||||||
155 | 155La | 155Ce | 155Pr | 155Nd | 155Pm | 155Sm | 155Eu | 155Gd | 155Tb | 155Dy | 155Ho | 155Er | 155Tm | 155Yb | 155Lu | 155Hf | 155Ta | |||||||||||||
156 | 156Ce | 156Pr | 156Nd | 156Pm | 156Sm | 156Eu | 156Gd | 156Tb | 156Dy | 156Ho | 156Er | 156Tm | 156Yb | 156Lu | 156Hf | 156Ta | ||||||||||||||
157 | 157Ce | 157Pr | 157Nd | 157Pm | 157Sm | 157Eu | 157Gd | 157Tb | 157Dy | 157Ho | 157Er | 157Tm | 157Yb | 157Lu | 157Hf | 157Ta | ||||||||||||||
158 | 158Pr | 158Nd | 158Pm | 158Sm | 158Eu | 158Gd | 158Tb | 158Dy | 158Ho | 158Er | 158Tm | 158Yb | 158Lu | 158Hf | 158Ta | 158W | ||||||||||||||
159 | 159Pr | 159Nd | 159Pm | 159Sm | 159Eu | 159Gd | 159Tb | 159Dy | 159Ho | 159Er | 159Tm | 159Yb | 159Lu | 159Hf | 159Ta | 159W | 159Re | |||||||||||||
160 | 160Nd | 160Pm | 160Sm | 160Eu | 160Gd | 160Tb | 160Dy | 160Ho | 160Er | 160Tm | 160Yb | 160Lu | 160Hf | 160Ta | 160W | 160Re | ||||||||||||||
161 | 161Nd | 161Pm | 161Sm | 161Eu | 161Gd | 161Tb | 161Dy | 161Ho | 161Er | 161Tm | 161Yb | 161Lu | 161Hf | 161Ta | 161W | 161Re | 161Os | |||||||||||||
162 | 162Pm | 162Sm | 162Eu | 162Gd | 162Tb | 162Dy | 162Ho | 162Er | 162Tm | 162Yb | 162Lu | 162Hf | 162Ta | 162W | 162Re | 162Os | ||||||||||||||
163 | 163Pm | 163Sm | 163Eu | 163Gd | 163Tb | 163Dy | 163Ho | 163Er | 163Tm | 163Yb | 163Lu | 163Hf | 163Ta | 163W | 163Re | 163Os | ||||||||||||||
164 | 164Sm | 164Eu | 164Gd | 164Tb | 164Dy | 164Ho | 164Er | 164Tm | 164Yb | 164Lu | 164Hf | 164Ta | 164W | 164Re | 164Os | 164Ir | ||||||||||||||
165 | 165Sm | 165Eu | 165Gd | 165Tb | 165Dy | 165Ho | 165Er | 165Tm | 165Yb | 165Lu | 165Hf | 165Ta | 165W | 165Re | 165Os | 165Ir | ||||||||||||||
166 | 166Eu | 166Gd | 166Tb | 166Dy | 166Ho | 166Er | 166Tm | 166Yb | 166Lu | 166Hf | 166Ta | 166W | 166Re | 166Os | 166Ir | 166Pt | ||||||||||||||
167 | 167Gd | 167Tb | 167Dy | 167Ho | 167Er | 167Tm | 167Yb | 167Lu | 167Hf | 167Ta | 167W | 167Re | 167Os | 167Ir | 167Pt | |||||||||||||||
168 | 168Gd | 168Tb | 168Dy | 168Ho | 168Er | 168Tm | 168Yb | 168Lu | 168Hf | 168Ta | 168W | 168Re | 168Os | 168Ir | 168Pt | |||||||||||||||
169 | 169Gd | 169Tb | 169Dy | 169Ho | 169Er | 169Tm | 169Yb | 169Lu | 169Hf | 169Ta | 169W | 169Re | 169Os | 169Ir | 169Pt |
Kernisotone Nuklide des Gadoliniums
Die zu den Gadolinium-Kernen isotonen Nuklide befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
109Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
110Zr | 111Zr | 112Zr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
111Nb | 112Nb | 113Nb | 114Nb | 115Nb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
112Mo | 113Mo | 114Mo | 115Mo | 116Mo | 117Mo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
113Tc | 114Tc | 115Tc | 116Tc | 117Tc | 118Tc | 119Tc | 120Tc | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
114Ru | 115Ru | 116Ru | 117Ru | 118Ru | 119Ru | 120Ru | 121Ru | 122Ru | 123Ru | 124Ru | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
115Rh | 116Rh | 117Rh | 118Rh | 119Rh | 120Rh | 121Rh | 122Rh | 123Rh | 124Rh | 125Rh | 126Rh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
116Pd | 117Pd | 118Pd | 119Pd | 120Pd | 121Pd | 122Pd | 123Pd | 124Pd | 125Pd | 126Pd | 127Pd | 128Pd | |||||||||||||||||||||||
117Ag | 118Ag | 119Ag | 120Ag | 121Ag | 122Ag | 123Ag | 124Ag | 125Ag | 126Ag | 127Ag | 128Ag | 129Ag | 130Ag | ||||||||||||||||||||||
118Cd | 119Cd | 120Cd | 121Cd | 122Cd | 123Cd | 124Cd | 125Cd | 126Cd | 127Cd | 128Cd | 129Cd | 130Cd | 131Cd | 132Cd | 133Cd | ||||||||||||||||||||
119In | 120In | 121In | 122In | 123In | 124In | 125In | 126In | 127In | 128In | 129In | 130In | 131In | 132In | 133In | 134In | 135In | |||||||||||||||||||
120Sn | 121Sn | 122Sn | 123Sn | 124Sn | 125Sn | 126Sn | 127Sn | 128Sn | 129Sn | 130Sn | 131Sn | 132Sn | 133Sn | 134Sn | 135Sn | 136Sn | 137Sn | 138Sn | |||||||||||||||||
121Sb | 122Sb | 123Sb | 124Sb | 125Sb | 126Sb | 127Sb | 128Sb | 129Sb | 130Sb | 131Sb | 132Sb | 133Sb | 134Sb | 135Sb | 136Sb | 137Sb | 138Sb | 139Sb | 140Sb | ||||||||||||||||
122Te | 123Te | 124Te | 125Te | 126Te | 127Te | 128Te | 129Te | 130Te | 131Te | 132Te | 133Te | 134Te | 135Te | 136Te | 137Te | 138Te | 139Te | 140Te | 141Te | 142Te | 143Te | ||||||||||||||
123I | 124I | 125I | 126I | 127I | 128I | 129I | 130I | 131I | 132I | 133I | 134I | 135I | 136I | 137I | 138I | 139I | 140I | 141I | 142I | 143I | 144I | 145I | |||||||||||||
124Xe | 125Xe | 126Xe | 127Xe | 128Xe | 129Xe | 130Xe | 131Xe | 132Xe | 133Xe | 134Xe | 135Xe | 136Xe | 137Xe | 138Xe | 139Xe | 140Xe | 141Xe | 142Xe | 143Xe | 144Xe | 145Xe | 146Xe | 147Xe | 148Xe | |||||||||||
125Cs | 126Cs | 127Cs | 128Cs | 129Cs | 130Cs | 131Cs | 132Cs | 133Cs | 134Cs | 135Cs | 136Cs | 137Cs | 138Cs | 139Cs | 140Cs | 141Cs | 142Cs | 143Cs | 144Cs | 145Cs | 146Cs | 147Cs | 148Cs | 149Cs | 150Cs | 151Cs | |||||||||
126Ba | 127Ba | 128Ba | 129Ba | 130Ba | 131Ba | 132Ba | 133Ba | 134Ba | 135Ba | 136Ba | 137Ba | 138Ba | 139Ba | 140Ba | 141Ba | 142Ba | 143Ba | 144Ba | 145Ba | 146Ba | 147Ba | 148Ba | 149Ba | 150Ba | 151Ba | 152Ba | 153Ba | ||||||||
127La | 128La | 129La | 130La | 131La | 132La | 133La | 134La | 135La | 136La | 137La | 138La | 139La | 140La | 141La | 142La | 143La | 144La | 145La | 146La | 147La | 148La | 149La | 150La | 151La | 152La | 153La | 154La | 155La | |||||||
128Ce | 129Ce | 130Ce | 131Ce | 132Ce | 133Ce | 134Ce | 135Ce | 136Ce | 137Ce | 138Ce | 139Ce | 140Ce | 141Ce | 142Ce | 143Ce | 144Ce | 145Ce | 146Ce | 147Ce | 148Ce | 149Ce | 150Ce | 151Ce | 152Ce | 153Ce | 154Ce | 155Ce | 156Ce | 157Ce | ||||||
129Pr | 130Pr | 131Pr | 132Pr | 133Pr | 134Pr | 135Pr | 136Pr | 137Pr | 138Pr | 139Pr | 140Pr | 141Pr | 142Pr | 143Pr | 144Pr | 145Pr | 146Pr | 147Pr | 148Pr | 149Pr | 150Pr | 151Pr | 152Pr | 153Pr | 154Pr | 155Pr | 156Pr | 157Pr | 158Pr | 159Pr | |||||
130Nd | 131Nd | 132Nd | 133Nd | 134Nd | 135Nd | 136Nd | 137Nd | 138Nd | 139Nd | 140Nd | 141Nd | 142Nd | 143Nd | 144Nd | 145Nd | 146Nd | 147Nd | 148Nd | 149Nd | 150Nd | 151Nd | 152Nd | 153Nd | 154Nd | 155Nd | 156Nd | 157Nd | 158Nd | 159Nd | 160Nd | 161Nd | ||||
131Pm | 132Pm | 133Pm | 134Pm | 135Pm | 136Pm | 137Pm | 138Pm | 139Pm | 140Pm | 141Pm | 142Pm | 143Pm | 144Pm | 145Pm | 146Pm | 147Pm | 148Pm | 149Pm | 150Pm | 151Pm | 152Pm | 153Pm | 154Pm | 155Pm | 156Pm | 157Pm | 158Pm | 159Pm | 160Pm | 161Pm | 162Pm | 163Pm | |||
132Sm | 133Sm | 134Sm | 135Sm | 136Sm | 137Sm | 138Sm | 139Sm | 140Sm | 141Sm | 142Sm | 143Sm | 144Sm | 145Sm | 146Sm | 147Sm | 148Sm | 149Sm | 150Sm | 151Sm | 152Sm | 153Sm | 154Sm | 155Sm | 156Sm | 157Sm | 158Sm | 159Sm | 160Sm | 161Sm | 162Sm | 163Sm | 164Sm | 165Sm | ||
133Eu | 134Eu | 135Eu | 136Eu | 137Eu | 138Eu | 139Eu | 140Eu | 141Eu | 142Eu | 143Eu | 144Eu | 145Eu | 146Eu | 147Eu | 148Eu | 149Eu | 150Eu | 151Eu | 152Eu | 153Eu | 154Eu | 155Eu | 156Eu | 157Eu | 158Eu | 159Eu | 160Eu | 161Eu | 162Eu | 163Eu | 164Eu | 165Eu | 166Eu | 167Eu | 168Eu |
134Gd | 135Gd | 136Gd | 137Gd | 138Gd | 139Gd | 140Gd | 141Gd | 142Gd | 143Gd | 144Gd | 145Gd | 146Gd | 147Gd | 148Gd | 149Gd | 150Gd | 151Gd | 152Gd | 153Gd | 154Gd | 155Gd | 156Gd | 157Gd | 158Gd | 159Gd | 160Gd | 161Gd | 162Gd | 163Gd | 164Gd | 165Gd | 166Gd | 167Gd | 168Gd | 169Gd |
135Tb | 136Tb | 137Tb | 138Tb | 139Tb | 140Tb | 141Tb | 142Tb | 143Tb | 144Tb | 145Tb | 146Tb | 147Tb | 148Tb | 149Tb | 150Tb | 151Tb | 152Tb | 153Tb | 154Tb | 155Tb | 156Tb | 157Tb | 158Tb | 159Tb | 160Tb | 161Tb | 162Tb | 163Tb | 164Tb | 165Tb | 166Tb | 167Tb | 168Tb | 169Tb | 170Tb |
138Dy | 139Dy | 140Dy | 141Dy | 142Dy | 143Dy | 144Dy | 145Dy | 146Dy | 147Dy | 148Dy | 149Dy | 150Dy | 151Dy | 152Dy | 153Dy | 154Dy | 155Dy | 156Dy | 157Dy | 158Dy | 159Dy | 160Dy | 161Dy | 162Dy | 163Dy | 164Dy | 165Dy | 166Dy | 167Dy | 168Dy | 169Dy | 170Dy | 171Dy | ||
140Ho | 141Ho | 142Ho | 143Ho | 144Ho | 145Ho | 146Ho | 147Ho | 148Ho | 149Ho | 150Ho | 151Ho | 152Ho | 153Ho | 154Ho | 155Ho | 156Ho | 157Ho | 158Ho | 159Ho | 160Ho | 161Ho | 162Ho | 163Ho | 164Ho | 165Ho | 166Ho | 167Ho | 168Ho | 169Ho | 170Ho | 171Ho | 172Ho | |||
143Er | 144Er | 145Er | 146Er | 147Er | 148Er | 149Er | 150Er | 151Er | 152Er | 153Er | 154Er | 155Er | 156Er | 157Er | 158Er | 159Er | 160Er | 161Er | 162Er | 163Er | 164Er | 165Er | 166Er | 167Er | 168Er | 169Er | 170Er | 171Er | 172Er | 173Er | |||||
144Tm | 145Tm | 146Tm | 147Tm | 148Tm | 149Tm | 150Tm | 151Tm | 152Tm | 153Tm | 154Tm | 155Tm | 156Tm | 157Tm | 158Tm | 159Tm | 160Tm | 161Tm | 162Tm | 163Tm | 164Tm | 165Tm | 166Tm | 167Tm | 168Tm | 169Tm | 170Tm | 171Tm | 172Tm | 173Tm | 174Tm | |||||
148Yb | 149Yb | 150Yb | 151Yb | 152Yb | 153Yb | 154Yb | 155Yb | 156Yb | 157Yb | 158Yb | 159Yb | 160Yb | 161Yb | 162Yb | 163Yb | 164Yb | 165Yb | 166Yb | 167Yb | 168Yb | 169Yb | 170Yb | 171Yb | 172Yb | 173Yb | 174Yb | 175Yb | ||||||||
150Lu | 151Lu | 152Lu | 153Lu | 154Lu | 155Lu | 156Lu | 157Lu | 158Lu | 159Lu | 160Lu | 161Lu | 162Lu | 163Lu | 164Lu | 165Lu | 166Lu | 167Lu | 168Lu | 169Lu | 170Lu | 171Lu | 172Lu | 173Lu | 174Lu | 175Lu | 176Lu | |||||||||
153Hf | 154Hf | 155Hf | 156Hf | 157Hf | 158Hf | 159Hf | 160Hf | 161Hf | 162Hf | 163Hf | 164Hf | 165Hf | 166Hf | 167Hf | 168Hf | 169Hf | 170Hf | 171Hf | 172Hf | 173Hf | 174Hf | 175Hf | 176Hf | 177Hf | |||||||||||
155Ta | 156Ta | 157Ta | 158Ta | 159Ta | 160Ta | 161Ta | 162Ta | 163Ta | 164Ta | 165Ta | 166Ta | 167Ta | 168Ta | 169Ta | 170Ta | 171Ta | 172Ta | 173Ta | 174Ta | 175Ta | 176Ta | 177Ta | 178Ta | ||||||||||||
158W | 159W | 160W | 161W | 162W | 163W | 164W | 165W | 166W | 167W | 168W | 169W | 170W | 171W | 172W | 173W | 174W | 175W | 176W | 177W | 178W | 179W | ||||||||||||||
159Re | 160Re | 161Re | 162Re | 163Re | 164Re | 165Re | 166Re | 167Re | 168Re | 169Re | 170Re | 171Re | 172Re | 173Re | 174Re | 175Re | 176Re | 177Re | 178Re | 179Re | 180Re | ||||||||||||||
161Os | 162Os | 163Os | 164Os | 165Os | 166Os | 167Os | 168Os | 169Os | 170Os | 171Os | 172Os | 173Os | 174Os | 175Os | 176Os | 177Os | 178Os | 179Os | 180Os | 181Os | |||||||||||||||
164Ir | 165Ir | 166Ir | 167Ir | 168Ir | 169Ir | 170Ir | 171Ir | 172Ir | 173Ir | 174Ir | 175Ir | 176Ir | 177Ir | 178Ir | 179Ir | 180Ir | 181Ir | 182Ir | |||||||||||||||||
166Pt | 167Pt | 168Pt | 169Pt | 170Pt | 171Pt | 172Pt | 173Pt | 174Pt | 175Pt | 176Pt | 177Pt | 178Pt | 179Pt | 180Pt | 181Pt | 182Pt | 183Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
170Au | 171Au | 172Au | 173Au | 174Au | 175Au | 176Au | 177Au | 178Au | 179Au | 180Au | 181Au | 182Au | 183Au | 184Au | |||||||||||||||||||||
171Hg | 172Hg | 173Hg | 174Hg | 175Hg | 176Hg | 177Hg | 178Hg | 179Hg | 180Hg | 181Hg | 182Hg | 183Hg | 184Hg | 185Hg | |||||||||||||||||||||
176Tl | 177Tl | 178Tl | 179Tl | 180Tl | 181Tl | 182Tl | 183Tl | 184Tl | 185Tl | 186Tl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
178Pb | 179Pb | 180Pb | 181Pb | 182Pb | 183Pb | 184Pb | 185Pb | 186Pb | 187Pb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
184Bi | 185Bi | 186Bi | 187Bi | 188Bi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
187Po | 188Po | 189Po |
Literatur und Hinweise
Eigenschaften der Gadolinium-Isotope
[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.
[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.
Gadolinium: Kernmagnetische Eigenschaften - 155Gd-NMR, 157Gd-NMR
[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.
[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.
[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.
[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).
Weitere Quellen:
[8] - Isotopenhäufigkeiten, Atommassen und Isotopenmassen: Siehe unter dem jeweiligen Stichwort.
[9] - E. May, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of samarium, europium, Dysprosium, and Dysprosium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2013), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2012.01.007.
Kategorie: Chemische Elemente
Letzte Änderung am 12.12.2022.
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