Unter Hafnium-Isotope werden alle Atomkerne des chemischen Elements Hafnium zusammengefasst; diese bestehen allesamt aus einem Atomkern mit 72 Protonen und im ungeladenen Zustand aus 72 Elektronen. Der Unterschied zwischen den einzelnen Hafnium-Isotopen beruht auf der Anzahl der Neutronen im Kern.
Natürlich auftretende Hafnium-Isotope
Die natürliche iridischen Hafnium-Vorkommen bestehen aus einem Gemisch 6 verschiedener Isotopen: Den stabilen Hafnium-Nukliden Hf-176, 177, 178, 179 und 180 sowie dem leicht radioaktiven, sehr langlebigen Radioisotop Hf-174. Insgesamt zeigt sich für das Hafnium folgende Isotopenverteilung:
Atommasse Ar | Anteil | Halbwertszeit | Spin | |
Hafnium Isotopengemisch | 178,486 u | 100 % | ||
Isotop 174Hf | 173,94005(2) u | 0,16(12) % | 2,0(4) × 1015 Jahre | 0+ |
Isotop 176Hf | 175,94141(2) u | 5,26(70) % | stabil | 0+ |
Isotop 177Hf | 176,94323(2) u | 18,60(16) % | stabil | 7/2- |
Isotop 178Hf | 177,94371(2) u | 27,28(28) % | stabil | 0+ |
Isotop 179Hf | 178,94582(2) u | 13,62(11) % | stabil | 9/2+ |
Isotop 180Hf | 179,94656(2) u | 35,08(33) % | stabil | 0+ |
Hafnium-182 ist mit einer Halbwertszeit von 9,000,000 Jahren das stabilste künstliche Hafniumiosotop. Technische Anwendungen für einzelne Hafniumisotope gibt es nicht.
Isotopentabelle: Hafnium
Isotop Nuklid | Z | A | N | Name | Atommasse [Kernmasse] {Massenüberschuss} | Spin I (h/2π) | μ | A-Nuk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
153Hf | 72 | 153 | 81 | Hafnium-153 | 152,97069(32) u [152,931196 u] {-27,30209 MeV} | |||
154Hf | 72 | 154 | 82 | Hafnium-154 | 153,96493(32) u [153,925436 u] {-32,66749 MeV} | 0+ | 158W | |
155Hf | 72 | 155 | 83 | Hafnium-155 | 154,96332(32) u [154,923826 u] {-34,1672 MeV} | 159W 156Ta | ||
156Hf | 72 | 156 | 84 | Hafnium-156 | 155,95940(16) u [155,919906 u] {-37,81866 MeV} | 0+ | 160W 156Ta | |
156mHf | 72 | 156 | 84 | Hafnium-156m | 155,95940(16) u [155,919906 u] {-37,81866 MeV} | 8+ | ||
157Hf | 72 | 157 | 85 | Hafnium-157 | 156,95824(21) u [156,918746 u] {-38,89919 MeV} | (7/2-) | 161W | |
158Hf | 72 | 158 | 86 | Hafnium-158 | 157,954801(19) u [157,915307 u] {-42,1026 MeV} | 0+ | 162W | |
159Hf | 72 | 159 | 87 | Hafnium-159 | 158,953996(18) u [158,914502 u] {-42,85245 MeV} | 7/2- | 163W | |
160Hf | 72 | 160 | 88 | Hafnium-160 | 159,950683(10) u [159,911189 u] {-45,93849 MeV} | 0+ | 164W | |
161Hf | 72 | 161 | 89 | Hafnium-161 | 160,950279(24) u [160,910785 u] {-46,31481 MeV} | (7/2-) | 165W | |
161mHf | 72 | 161 | 89 | Hafnium-161m | 160,950279(24) u [160,910785 u] {-46,31481 MeV} | (13/2+) | ||
162Hf | 72 | 162 | 90 | Hafnium-162 | 161,947215(10) u [161,907721 u] {-49,16891 MeV} | 0+ | 166W 162Ta | |
163Hf | 72 | 163 | 91 | Hafnium-163 | 162,947113(27) u [162,907619 u] {-49,26392 MeV} | (5/2-) | 167W 163Ta | |
164Hf | 72 | 164 | 92 | Hafnium-164 | 163,944371(17) u [163,904877 u] {-51,81808 MeV} | 0+ | 168W 164Ta | |
165Hf | 72 | 165 | 93 | Hafnium-165 | 164,94457(3) u [164,905076 u] {-51,63271 MeV} | (5/2-) | 165Ta | |
166Hf | 72 | 166 | 94 | Hafnium-166 | 165,94218(3) u [165,902686 u] {-53,85898 MeV} | 0+ | 166Ta | |
167Hf | 72 | 167 | 95 | Hafnium-167 | 166,94260(3) u [166,903106 u] {-53,46776 MeV} | (5/2)- | 167Ta | |
168Hf | 72 | 168 | 96 | Hafnium-168 | 167,94057(3) u [167,901076 u] {-55,35869 MeV} | 0+ | 168Ta | |
169Hf | 72 | 169 | 97 | Hafnium-169 | 168,94126(3) u [168,901766 u] {-54,71596 MeV} | 5/2- | 169Ta | |
170Hf | 72 | 170 | 98 | Hafnium-170 | 169,93961(3) u [169,900116 u] {-56,25292 MeV} | 0+ | 170Ta | |
171Hf | 72 | 171 | 99 | Hafnium-171 | 170,94049(3) u [170,900996 u] {-55,43321 MeV} | 7/2(+) | - 0,674(12) | 171Ta |
171mHf | 72 | 171 | 99 | Hafnium-171m | 170,94049(3) u [170,900996 u] {-55,43321 MeV} | 1/2(-) | + 0,526(16) | |
172Hf | 72 | 172 | 100 | Hafnium-172 | 171,939450(26) u [171,899956 u] {-56,40196 MeV} | 0+ | 172Ta | |
172mHf | 72 | 172 | 100 | Hafnium-172m | 171,939450(26) u [171,899956 u] {-56,40196 MeV} | (8-) | +7,95(7) | |
173Hf | 72 | 173 | 101 | Hafnium-173 | 172,94051(3) u [172,901016 u] {-55,41458 MeV} | 1/2- | 173Ta | |
174Hf | 72 | 174 | 102 | Hafnium-174 | 173,94005(2) u [173,900556 u] {-55,84307 MeV} | 0+ | 174Ta | |
175Hf | 72 | 175 | 103 | Hafnium-175 | 174,9415115(24) u [174,9020175 u] {-54,48169 MeV} | 5/2(-) | - 0,539(32) | 175Ta |
176Hf | 72 | 176 | 104 | Hafnium-176 | 175,94141(2) u [175,901916 u] {-54,57623 MeV} | 0+ | 176Ta 176Lu | |
177Hf | 72 | 177 | 105 | Hafnium-177 | 176,94323(2) u [176,903736 u] {-52,88091 MeV} | 7/2- | + 0,7935 | 177Ta 177Lu |
177m1Hf | 72 | 177 | 105 | Hafnium-177m1 | 176,94323(2) u [176,903736 u] {-52,88091 MeV} | 23/2+ | ||
177m2Hf | 72 | 177 | 105 | Hafnium-177m2 | 176,94323(2) u [176,903736 u] {-52,88091 MeV} | (19/2-) | ||
177m3Hf | 72 | 177 | 105 | Hafnium-177m3 | 176,94323(2) u [176,903736 u] {-52,88091 MeV} | 37/2- | 7,33(9) | |
178Hf | 72 | 178 | 106 | Hafnium-178 | 177,94371(2) u [177,904216 u] {-52,4338 MeV} | 0+ | 178Ta 178Lu | |
178m1Hf | 72 | 178 | 106 | Hafnium-178m1 | 177,94371(2) u [177,904216 u] {-52,4338 MeV} | 8- | ||
178m2Hf | 72 | 178 | 106 | Hafnium-178m2 | 177,94371(2) u [177,904216 u] {-52,4338 MeV} | 16+ | ||
179Hf | 72 | 179 | 107 | Hafnium-179 | 178,94582(2) u [178,906326 u] {-50,46834 MeV} | 9/2+ | - 0,60409(13) | 179Ta 179Lu |
179m1Hf | 72 | 179 | 107 | Hafnium-179m1 | 178,94582(2) u [178,906326 u] {-50,46834 MeV} | 1/2- | ||
179m2Hf | 72 | 179 | 107 | Hafnium-179m2 | 178,94582(2) u [178,906326 u] {-50,46834 MeV} | 25/2- | 7,4(3) | |
180Hf | 72 | 180 | 108 | Hafnium-180 | 179,94656(2) u [179,907066 u] {-49,77904 MeV} | 0+ | 180Ta 180Lu | |
180mHf | 72 | 180 | 108 | Hafnium-180m | 179,94656(2) u [179,907066 u] {-49,77904 MeV} | 8- | + 8,7(10) | |
181Hf | 72 | 181 | 109 | Hafnium-181 | 180,9491110(15) u [180,909617 u] {-47,4028 MeV} | 1/2- | 181Lu | |
182Hf | 72 | 182 | 110 | Hafnium-182 | 181,950564(7) u [181,91107 u] {-46,04934 MeV} | 0+ | 182Lu | |
182mHf | 72 | 182 | 110 | Hafnium-182m | 181,950564(7) u [181,91107 u] {-46,04934 MeV} | (8-) | ||
183Hf | 72 | 183 | 111 | Hafnium-183 | 182,95353(3) u [182,914036 u] {-43,28653 MeV} | (3/2-) | 183Lu | |
184Hf | 72 | 184 | 112 | Hafnium-184 | 183,95545(4) u [183,915956 u] {-41,49806 MeV} | 0+ | 184Lu | |
184mHf | 72 | 184 | 112 | Hafnium-184m | 183,95545(4) u [183,915956 u] {-41,49806 MeV} | (8-) | ||
185Hf | 72 | 185 | 113 | Hafnium-185 | 184,95886(7) u [184,919366 u] {-38,32166 MeV} | |||
186Hf | 72 | 186 | 114 | Hafnium-186 | 185,96090(5) u [185,921406 u] {-36,42142 MeV} | 0+ | ||
187Hf | 72 | 187 | 115 | Hafnium-187 | 186,96477(32) u [186,925276 u] {-32,81653 MeV} | |||
188Hf | 72 | 188 | 116 | Hafnium-188 | 187,96685(32) u [187,927356 u] {-30,87903 MeV} | 0+ | ||
189Hf | 72 | 189 | 117 | Hafnium-189 | 188,97084(32) u [188,931346 u] {-27,16237 MeV} | |||
190Hf | 72 | 190 | 118 | Hafnium-190 | 189,97313(43) u [189,933636 u] {-25,02924 MeV} | 0+ |
Isotop | Zerfall (radioaktiver Zerfall) | AE | Mehr | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Halbwertszeit | Zerfallsart | Anteil | Energie | Info | ||
1 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Hf-153 | 60 ns | AL | ||||
Hf-154 | 2(1) s | EE/β+ zu 154Lu α zu 150Yb | ca. 100 % ca. 0 % | 7,04(36) MeV 3,54(42) MeV | AL | |
Hf-155 | 0,89(12) s | EE/β+ zu 155Lu | 100 % | 8,38(30) MeV | AL | |
Hf-156 | 23(1) ms | α zu 152Yb | 100 % | 6,029(4) MeV | AL | |
Hf-156m | 0,52(1) ms | α zu 152Yb | 100 % | 1959(6) keV | AL | |
Hf-157 | 115(1) ms | EE/β+ zu 157Lu α zu 153Yb | 14(9) % 86(9) % | 7,54(20) MeV 5,880(3) MeV | AL | |
Hf-158 | 2,85(7) s | EE/β+ zu 158Lu α zu 154Yb | 55,7(19) % 44,3(19) % | 5,110(23) MeV 5,4048(27) MeV | AL | |
Hf-159 | 5,6(4) s | EE/β+ zu 159Lu α zu 155Yb | 65(7) % 35(7) % | 6,86(4) MeV 5,2251(27) MeV | AL | |
Hf-160 | 13,6(2) s | EE/β+ zu 160Lu α zu 156Yb | 99,3(2) % 0,7(2) % | 4,33(6) MeV 4,9019(26) MeV | AL | |
Hf-161 | 18,4(4)s | EE/β+ zu 161Lu α zu 157Yb | > 99,87 % < 0,13 % | 6,25(4) MeV 4,682(24) MeV | AL | |
Hf-161m | 4,8(2) μs | Iso zu 161Hf | 100 % | 329,0(5) keV | ||
Hf-162 | 39,4(9) s | EE/β+ zu 162Lu α zu 158Yb | 99,992(1) % 0,008(1) % | 3,66(8) MeV 4,416(5) MeV | AL | |
Hf-163 | 40,0(6) s | EE/β+ zu 163Lu α zu 159Yb | > 99,9998 % < 0,0001 % | 5,53(4) MeV 4,15(3) MeV | AL | |
Hf-164 | 111(8) s | EE/β+ zu 164Lu | 100 % | 2,82(3) MeV | AL | |
Hf-165 | 76(4) s | EE/β+ zu 165Lu | 100 % | 4,81(4) MeV | AL | |
Hf-166 | 6,77(30) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 166Lu | 100 % | 2,16(4) MeV | AL | |
Hf-167 | 2,05(5) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 167Lu | 100 % | 4,03(4) MeV | AL | |
Hf-168 | 25,95(20) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 168Lu | 100 % | 1,71(5) MeV | AL | |
Hf-169 | 3,24(4) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 169Lu | 100 % | 3,368(28) MeV | AL | |
Hf-170 | 16,01(13) Stunden | EE zu 170Lu | 100 % | 1,05(3) MeV | AL | |
Hf-171 | 12,1(4) Stunden | EE/β+ zu 171Lu | 100 % | 2,397(29) MeV | AL | |
Hf-171m | 29,5(9) s | EE/β+ zu 171Lu Iso zu 171Hf | ? ≤ 100 % | 21,93(9) keV | AL | |
Hf-172 | 1,87(3) Jahre | EE zu 172Lu | 100 % | 0,334(25) MeV | AL | |
Hf-172m | 163(3) ns | Iso zu 172Hf | 2005,84(11) keV | |||
Hf-173 | 23,6(1) Stunden | EE/β+ zu 173Lu | 100 % | 1,469(28) MeV | AL | |
Hf-174 | 2,0(4) × 1015 Jahre | α zu 170Yb | 100 % | 2,4945(23) MeV | AL | |
Hf-175 | 70(2) Tage | EE zu 175Lu | 100 % | 0,6839(26) MeV | AL | |
Hf-176 | stabil | AL | ||||
Hf-177 | stabil | AL | ||||
Hf-177m1 | 1,09(5) s | Iso zu 177Hf | 100 % | 1315,4502(8) keV | ||
Hf-177m2 | 55,9(12) μs | 1342,4(10) keV | ||||
Hf-177m3 | 51,4(5) Minuten | Iso zu 177Hf | 100 % | 2740,02(15) keV | ||
Hf-178 | stabil | AL | ||||
Hf-178m1 | 4,0(2) s | Iso zu 178Hf | 100 % | 1147,416(6) keV | ||
Hf-178m2 | 31(1) Jahre | Iso zu 178Hf | 100 % | 2446,09(8) | ||
Hf-179 | stabil | AL | ||||
Hf-179m1 | 18,67(4) s | Iso zu 179Hf | 100 % | 375,0352(25) keV | ||
Hf-179m2 | 25,05(25) Tage | Iso zu 179Hf | 100 % | 1105,74(16) kev | ||
Hf-180 | stabil | AL | ||||
Hf-180m | 5,53(2) Stunden | Iso zu 180Hf β- zu 180Ta | 99,7(1) % 0,3(1) % | 1141,50(5) | ||
Hf-181 | 42,39 Tage | β- zu 181Ta | 100 % | 1,0355(18) MeV | AL | |
Hf-182 | 8,90(9) × 106 Jahre | β- zu 182Ta | 100 % | 0,380(6) MeV | AL | |
Hf-182m | 61,5(15) Minuten | β- zu 182Ta Iso zu 182Hf | 54(2) % 46(2) % | 1172,87(18) keV | ||
Hf-183 | 1,018(2) Stunden | β- zu 183Ta | 100 % | 2,01(3) MeV | AL | |
Hf-184 | 4,12(5) Stunden | β- zu 184Ta | 100 % | 1,34(3) MeV | AL | |
Hf-184m | 48(10) s | Iso zu 184Hf | 100 % | 1272,2(4) | ||
Hf-185 | 3,5(6) Minuten | β- zu 185Ta | 100 % | 3,07(7) MeV | AL | |
Hf-186 | 2,6(12) Minuten | β- zu 186Ta | 100 % | 2,18(8) MeV | AL | |
Hf-187 | β- zu 187Ta | 100 % | 4,08(30) MeV | AL | ||
Hf-188 | β- zu 188Ta | 100 % | 2,73(30) MeV | AL | ||
Hf-189 | > 300 ns | β- zu 189Ta | 100 % | 4,67(36) MeV | AL | |
Hf-190 | 160 ns | β- zu 190Ta | ? | 3,48(45) MeV |
Erläuterungen zu den einzelnen Spalten:
1 - Symbol mit Nukleonenzahl.
2 - Z = Anzahl der Protonen (Ordnungszahl).
3 - Massenzahl A.
4 - N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
5 - Bezeichnung des Hafnium-Isotops; gegebenenfalls Trivialnamen.
6 - Relative Atommasse des Hafnium-Isotops (Isotopenmasse inklusive Elektronen) und in eckigen Klammern die Masse des Atomkerns (Kernmasse, Nuklidmasse ohne Elektronen), jeweils bezogen auf 12C = 12,00000 [2]. Zusätzlich ist der Massenüberschuss (Massenexzess) in MeV angegeben.
7 - Kernspin I, Einheit: h/2π.
8 - Kernmagnetisches Moment μmag.
9 - Ausgangsnuklide: Mögliche, angenommene oder tatsächliche Ausgangs-Nuklide (Mutternuklide, Elternnuklide). Die entsprechenden Zerfalls-Modi sind gegebenenfalls bei den Daten des jeweiligen Ausgangsnuklids zu finden.
10 - Zerfall: Halbwertszeiten des Hafnium-Isotops mit a = Jahre; ; d = Tage; h = Stunden; min = Minuten; s = Sekunden.
11 - Zerfall: Zerfallsart in die jeweiligen Tochternuklide mit n = Neutronenemission; p = Protonenemission; α = Alpha-Zerfall; ß- = Beta-Minus-Zerfall unter Elektronenemission; EE = Elektroneneinfang; ß+ = Positronenemission; ε = ß+ und/oder EE; Iso = Isomerieübergang; CZ = Cluster-Zerfall; SZ = Spontanzerfall.
12 - Zerfall: Zerfallsanteil in Prozent (%).
13 - Zerfall: Zerfallsenergie; Partikelenergie bezogen auf Zerfallsart.
14 - AE = Anregungsenergie für metastabile Kerne.
15 - Sonstige Informationen und Hinweise: AL = Weitere Niveaus, so genannte Adopted Levels (Verlinkung auf externe Daten [1]).
Sonstige:
()- Eingeklammerte Ziffern: Unsicherheit zur Darstellung der Streubreite des angegebenen Wertes.
~ - Theoretische Werte oder systematische Trends.
- ungelistet-: Nuklide, die in der Literatur bereits erwänhnt wurden, aber aus irgendwelchen Gründen in den aktuellen Nuklidtabellen nicht mehr zu finden sind, weil sich deren Entdeckung z. B. nicht bestätigt hat.
NMR-aktive Hafnium-Nuklide
Nuklid Anteil Spin I | Kernmagnetisches Moment μ/μN | Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis 107 rad T-1 s-1 | Quadrupol- Moment Q [barn] | Resonanz- Frequenz v0 bei 1 T | Relative Empfindlichkeit H0 = const. v0 = const. * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
177Hf 18,60(16) % 7/2- | + 0,7935 | 1,086 | + 3,365(29) | 1,7282 | 0,00140 0,8524 |
179Hf 13,62(11) % 9/2+ | - 0,60409(13) | 0,6821 | + 3,793(33) | 1,0856 | 0,00055 0,8414 |
*) bezogen auf 1H = 1,000
Strahlenschutz
Für den Umgang mit den Hafnium-Radionukliden gelten gemäß Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV 2018) unter anderem folgende Werte (Spalten 1 bis 7):
Nuklid | Freigrenzen | HRQ-Schwelle | OFK | Tochternuklide | Halbwertszeit | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hf-170+ | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 16,0 Stunden | |||
Hf-172+ | 106 Bq | 1 Bq/g | 0,04 TBq | 1,9 Jahre | ||
Hf-173 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 23,9 Stunden | |||
Hf-175 | 106 Bq | 1 Bq/g | 0,2 TBq | 70,0 Tage | ||
Hf-177m+ | 105 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 51,4 Minuten | |||
Hf-178m+ | 106 Bq | 0,1 Bq/g | 31,0 Jahre | |||
Hf-179m | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 25,0 Tage | |||
Hf-180m | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 5,5 Stunden | |||
Hf-181 | 106 Bq | 1 Bq/g | 0,1 TBq | 1 Bq cm-2 | 42,4 Tage | |
Hf-182+ | 106 Bq | 0,1 Bq/g | 0,05 TBq | 9000000 Jahre | ||
Hf-182m+ | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 61,5 Minuten | |||
Hf-183 | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 64,0 Minuten | |||
Hf-184 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 4,1 Stunden |
(HRQ = Hochradioaktive Quellen; OFK = Oberflächenkontamination)
Kernisobare Nuklide des Hafniums
Zu den Hafnium-Nukliden isobare Atomkerne befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; Z = Ordnungszahl; A = Nukleonenzahl (Massenzahl).
Z: | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po |
153 | 153Ba | 153La | 153Ce | 153Pr | 153Nd | 153Pm | 153Sm | 153Eu | 153Gd | 153Tb | 153Dy | 153Ho | 153Er | 153Tm | 153Yb | 153Lu | 153Hf | ||||||||||||
154 | 154La | 154Ce | 154Pr | 154Nd | 154Pm | 154Sm | 154Eu | 154Gd | 154Tb | 154Dy | 154Ho | 154Er | 154Tm | 154Yb | 154Lu | 154Hf | |||||||||||||
155 | 155La | 155Ce | 155Pr | 155Nd | 155Pm | 155Sm | 155Eu | 155Gd | 155Tb | 155Dy | 155Ho | 155Er | 155Tm | 155Yb | 155Lu | 155Hf | 155Ta | ||||||||||||
156 | 156Ce | 156Pr | 156Nd | 156Pm | 156Sm | 156Eu | 156Gd | 156Tb | 156Dy | 156Ho | 156Er | 156Tm | 156Yb | 156Lu | 156Hf | 156Ta | |||||||||||||
157 | 157Ce | 157Pr | 157Nd | 157Pm | 157Sm | 157Eu | 157Gd | 157Tb | 157Dy | 157Ho | 157Er | 157Tm | 157Yb | 157Lu | 157Hf | 157Ta | |||||||||||||
158 | 158Pr | 158Nd | 158Pm | 158Sm | 158Eu | 158Gd | 158Tb | 158Dy | 158Ho | 158Er | 158Tm | 158Yb | 158Lu | 158Hf | 158Ta | 158W | |||||||||||||
159 | 159Pr | 159Nd | 159Pm | 159Sm | 159Eu | 159Gd | 159Tb | 159Dy | 159Ho | 159Er | 159Tm | 159Yb | 159Lu | 159Hf | 159Ta | 159W | 159Re | ||||||||||||
160 | 160Nd | 160Pm | 160Sm | 160Eu | 160Gd | 160Tb | 160Dy | 160Ho | 160Er | 160Tm | 160Yb | 160Lu | 160Hf | 160Ta | 160W | 160Re | |||||||||||||
161 | 161Nd | 161Pm | 161Sm | 161Eu | 161Gd | 161Tb | 161Dy | 161Ho | 161Er | 161Tm | 161Yb | 161Lu | 161Hf | 161Ta | 161W | 161Re | 161Os | ||||||||||||
162 | 162Pm | 162Sm | 162Eu | 162Gd | 162Tb | 162Dy | 162Ho | 162Er | 162Tm | 162Yb | 162Lu | 162Hf | 162Ta | 162W | 162Re | 162Os | |||||||||||||
163 | 163Pm | 163Sm | 163Eu | 163Gd | 163Tb | 163Dy | 163Ho | 163Er | 163Tm | 163Yb | 163Lu | 163Hf | 163Ta | 163W | 163Re | 163Os | |||||||||||||
164 | 164Sm | 164Eu | 164Gd | 164Tb | 164Dy | 164Ho | 164Er | 164Tm | 164Yb | 164Lu | 164Hf | 164Ta | 164W | 164Re | 164Os | 164Ir | |||||||||||||
165 | 165Sm | 165Eu | 165Gd | 165Tb | 165Dy | 165Ho | 165Er | 165Tm | 165Yb | 165Lu | 165Hf | 165Ta | 165W | 165Re | 165Os | 165Ir | |||||||||||||
166 | 166Eu | 166Gd | 166Tb | 166Dy | 166Ho | 166Er | 166Tm | 166Yb | 166Lu | 166Hf | 166Ta | 166W | 166Re | 166Os | 166Ir | 166Pt | |||||||||||||
167 | 167Gd | 167Tb | 167Dy | 167Ho | 167Er | 167Tm | 167Yb | 167Lu | 167Hf | 167Ta | 167W | 167Re | 167Os | 167Ir | 167Pt | ||||||||||||||
168 | 168Gd | 168Tb | 168Dy | 168Ho | 168Er | 168Tm | 168Yb | 168Lu | 168Hf | 168Ta | 168W | 168Re | 168Os | 168Ir | 168Pt | ||||||||||||||
169 | 169Gd | 169Tb | 169Dy | 169Ho | 169Er | 169Tm | 169Yb | 169Lu | 169Hf | 169Ta | 169W | 169Re | 169Os | 169Ir | 169Pt | ||||||||||||||
170 | 170Tb | 170Dy | 170Ho | 170Er | 170Tm | 170Yb | 170Lu | 170Hf | 170Ta | 170W | 170Re | 170Os | 170Ir | 170Pt | 170Au | ||||||||||||||
171 | 171Tb | 171Dy | 171Ho | 171Er | 171Tm | 171Yb | 171Lu | 171Hf | 171Ta | 171W | 171Re | 171Os | 171Ir | 171Pt | 171Au | 171Hg | |||||||||||||
172 | 172Dy | 172Ho | 172Er | 172Tm | 172Yb | 172Lu | 172Hf | 172Ta | 172W | 172Re | 172Os | 172Ir | 172Pt | 172Au | 172Hg | ||||||||||||||
173 | 173Dy | 173Ho | 173Er | 173Tm | 173Yb | 173Lu | 173Hf | 173Ta | 173W | 173Re | 173Os | 173Ir | 173Pt | 173Au | 173Hg | ||||||||||||||
174 | 174Ho | 174Er | 174Tm | 174Yb | 174Lu | 174Hf | 174Ta | 174W | 174Re | 174Os | 174Ir | 174Pt | 174Au | 174Hg | |||||||||||||||
175 | 175Ho | 175Er | 175Tm | 175Yb | 175Lu | 175Hf | 175Ta | 175W | 175Re | 175Os | 175Ir | 175Pt | 175Au | 175Hg | |||||||||||||||
176 | 176Er | 176Tm | 176Yb | 176Lu | 176Hf | 176Ta | 176W | 176Re | 176Os | 176Ir | 176Pt | 176Au | 176Hg | 176Tl | |||||||||||||||
177 | 177Er | 177Tm | 177Yb | 177Lu | 177Hf | 177Ta | 177W | 177Re | 177Os | 177Ir | 177Pt | 177Au | 177Hg | 177Tl | |||||||||||||||
178 | 178Tm | 178Yb | 178Lu | 178Hf | 178Ta | 178W | 178Re | 178Os | 178Ir | 178Pt | 178Au | 178Hg | 178Tl | 178Pb | |||||||||||||||
179 | 179Tm | 179Yb | 179Lu | 179Hf | 179Ta | 179W | 179Re | 179Os | 179Ir | 179Pt | 179Au | 179Hg | 179Tl | 179Pb | |||||||||||||||
180 | 180Yb | 180Lu | 180Hf | 180Ta | 180W | 180Re | 180Os | 180Ir | 180Pt | 180Au | 180Hg | 180Tl | 180Pb | ||||||||||||||||
181 | 181Yb | 181Lu | 181Hf | 181Ta | 181W | 181Re | 181Os | 181Ir | 181Pt | 181Au | 181Hg | 181Tl | 181Pb | ||||||||||||||||
182 | 182Lu | 182Hf | 182Ta | 182W | 182Re | 182Os | 182Ir | 182Pt | 182Au | 182Hg | 182Tl | 182Pb | |||||||||||||||||
183 | 183Lu | 183Hf | 183Ta | 183W | 183Re | 183Os | 183Ir | 183Pt | 183Au | 183Hg | 183Tl | 183Pb | |||||||||||||||||
184 | 184Lu | 184Hf | 184Ta | 184W | 184Re | 184Os | 184Ir | 184Pt | 184Au | 184Hg | 184Tl | 184Pb | 184Bi | 184Fl | |||||||||||||||
185 | 185Hf | 185Ta | 185W | 185Re | 185Os | 185Ir | 185Pt | 185Au | 185Hg | 185Tl | 185Pb | 185Bi | |||||||||||||||||
186 | 186Hf | 186Ta | 186W | 186Re | 186Os | 186Ir | 186Pt | 186Au | 186Hg | 186Tl | 186Pb | 186Bi | |||||||||||||||||
187 | 187Hf | 187Ta | 187W | 187Re | 187Os | 187Ir | 187Pt | 187Au | 187Hg | 187Tl | 187Pb | 187Bi | 187Po | ||||||||||||||||
188 | 188Hf | 188Ta | 188W | 188Re | 188Os | 188Ir | 188Pt | 188Au | 188Hg | 188Tl | 188Pb | 188Bi | 188Po | ||||||||||||||||
189 | 189Hf | 189Ta | 189W | 189Re | 189Os | 189Ir | 189Pt | 189Au | 189Hg | 189Tl | 189Pb | 189Bi | 189Po |
Kernisotone Nuklide des Hafniums
Die zu den Hafnium-Kernen isotonen Nuklide befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
126Rh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
127Pd | 128Pd | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
128Ag | 129Ag | 130Ag | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
129Cd | 130Cd | 131Cd | 132Cd | 133Cd | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
130In | 131In | 132In | 133In | 134In | 135In | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
131Sn | 132Sn | 133Sn | 134Sn | 135Sn | 136Sn | 137Sn | 138Sn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
132Sb | 133Sb | 134Sb | 135Sb | 136Sb | 137Sb | 138Sb | 139Sb | 140Sb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
133Te | 134Te | 135Te | 136Te | 137Te | 138Te | 139Te | 140Te | 141Te | 142Te | 143Te | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
134I | 135I | 136I | 137I | 138I | 139I | 140I | 141I | 142I | 143I | 144I | 145I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
135Xe | 136Xe | 137Xe | 138Xe | 139Xe | 140Xe | 141Xe | 142Xe | 143Xe | 144Xe | 145Xe | 146Xe | 147Xe | 148Xe | |||||||||||||||||||||||
136Cs | 137Cs | 138Cs | 139Cs | 140Cs | 141Cs | 142Cs | 143Cs | 144Cs | 145Cs | 146Cs | 147Cs | 148Cs | 149Cs | 150Cs | 151Cs | |||||||||||||||||||||
137Ba | 138Ba | 139Ba | 140Ba | 141Ba | 142Ba | 143Ba | 144Ba | 145Ba | 146Ba | 147Ba | 148Ba | 149Ba | 150Ba | 151Ba | 152Ba | 153Ba | ||||||||||||||||||||
138La | 139La | 140La | 141La | 142La | 143La | 144La | 145La | 146La | 147La | 148La | 149La | 150La | 151La | 152La | 153La | 154La | 155La | |||||||||||||||||||
139Ce | 140Ce | 141Ce | 142Ce | 143Ce | 144Ce | 145Ce | 146Ce | 147Ce | 148Ce | 149Ce | 150Ce | 151Ce | 152Ce | 153Ce | 154Ce | 155Ce | 156Ce | 157Ce | ||||||||||||||||||
140Pr | 141Pr | 142Pr | 143Pr | 144Pr | 145Pr | 146Pr | 147Pr | 148Pr | 149Pr | 150Pr | 151Pr | 152Pr | 153Pr | 154Pr | 155Pr | 156Pr | 157Pr | 158Pr | 159Pr | |||||||||||||||||
141Nd | 142Nd | 143Nd | 144Nd | 145Nd | 146Nd | 147Nd | 148Nd | 149Nd | 150Nd | 151Nd | 152Nd | 153Nd | 154Nd | 155Nd | 156Nd | 157Nd | 158Nd | 159Nd | 160Nd | 161Nd | ||||||||||||||||
142Pm | 143Pm | 144Pm | 145Pm | 146Pm | 147Pm | 148Pm | 149Pm | 150Pm | 151Pm | 152Pm | 153Pm | 154Pm | 155Pm | 156Pm | 157Pm | 158Pm | 159Pm | 160Pm | 161Pm | 162Pm | 163Pm | |||||||||||||||
143Sm | 144Sm | 145Sm | 146Sm | 147Sm | 148Sm | 149Sm | 150Sm | 151Sm | 152Sm | 153Sm | 154Sm | 155Sm | 156Sm | 157Sm | 158Sm | 159Sm | 160Sm | 161Sm | 162Sm | 163Sm | 164Sm | 165Sm | ||||||||||||||
144Eu | 145Eu | 146Eu | 147Eu | 148Eu | 149Eu | 150Eu | 151Eu | 152Eu | 153Eu | 154Eu | 155Eu | 156Eu | 157Eu | 158Eu | 159Eu | 160Eu | 161Eu | 162Eu | 163Eu | 164Eu | 165Eu | 166Eu | 167Eu | 168Eu | ||||||||||||
145Gd | 146Gd | 147Gd | 148Gd | 149Gd | 150Gd | 151Gd | 152Gd | 153Gd | 154Gd | 155Gd | 156Gd | 157Gd | 158Gd | 159Gd | 160Gd | 161Gd | 162Gd | 163Gd | 164Gd | 165Gd | 166Gd | 167Gd | 168Gd | 169Gd | ||||||||||||
146Tb | 147Tb | 148Tb | 149Tb | 150Tb | 151Tb | 152Tb | 153Tb | 154Tb | 155Tb | 156Tb | 157Tb | 158Tb | 159Tb | 160Tb | 161Tb | 162Tb | 163Tb | 164Tb | 165Tb | 166Tb | 167Tb | 168Tb | 169Tb | 170Tb | 171Tb | |||||||||||
147Dy | 148Dy | 149Dy | 150Dy | 151Dy | 152Dy | 153Dy | 154Dy | 155Dy | 156Dy | 157Dy | 158Dy | 159Dy | 160Dy | 161Dy | 162Dy | 163Dy | 164Dy | 165Dy | 166Dy | 167Dy | 168Dy | 169Dy | 170Dy | 171Dy | 172Dy | 173Dy | ||||||||||
148Ho | 149Ho | 150Ho | 151Ho | 152Ho | 153Ho | 154Ho | 155Ho | 156Ho | 157Ho | 158Ho | 159Ho | 160Ho | 161Ho | 162Ho | 163Ho | 164Ho | 165Ho | 166Ho | 167Ho | 168Ho | 169Ho | 170Ho | 171Ho | 172Ho | 173Ho | 174Ho | 175Ho | |||||||||
149Er | 150Er | 151Er | 152Er | 153Er | 154Er | 155Er | 156Er | 157Er | 158Er | 159Er | 160Er | 161Er | 162Er | 163Er | 164Er | 165Er | 166Er | 167Er | 168Er | 169Er | 170Er | 171Er | 172Er | 173Er | 174Er | 175Er | 176Er | 177Er | ||||||||
150Tm | 151Tm | 152Tm | 153Tm | 154Tm | 155Tm | 156Tm | 157Tm | 158Tm | 159Tm | 160Tm | 161Tm | 162Tm | 163Tm | 164Tm | 165Tm | 166Tm | 167Tm | 168Tm | 169Tm | 170Tm | 171Tm | 172Tm | 173Tm | 174Tm | 175Tm | 176Tm | 177Tm | 178Tm | 179Tm | |||||||
151Yb | 152Yb | 153Yb | 154Yb | 155Yb | 156Yb | 157Yb | 158Yb | 159Yb | 160Yb | 161Yb | 162Yb | 163Yb | 164Yb | 165Yb | 166Yb | 167Yb | 168Yb | 169Yb | 170Yb | 171Yb | 172Yb | 173Yb | 174Yb | 175Yb | 176Yb | 177Yb | 178Yb | 179Yb | 180Yb | 181Yb | ||||||
152Lu | 153Lu | 154Lu | 155Lu | 156Lu | 157Lu | 158Lu | 159Lu | 160Lu | 161Lu | 162Lu | 163Lu | 164Lu | 165Lu | 166Lu | 167Lu | 168Lu | 169Lu | 170Lu | 171Lu | 172Lu | 173Lu | 174Lu | 175Lu | 176Lu | 177Lu | 178Lu | 179Lu | 180Lu | 181Lu | 182Lu | 183Lu | 184Lu | ||||
153Hf | 154Hf | 155Hf | 156Hf | 157Hf | 158Hf | 159Hf | 160Hf | 161Hf | 162Hf | 163Hf | 164Hf | 165Hf | 166Hf | 167Hf | 168Hf | 169Hf | 170Hf | 171Hf | 172Hf | 173Hf | 174Hf | 175Hf | 176Hf | 177Hf | 178Hf | 179Hf | 180Hf | 181Hf | 182Hf | 183Hf | 184Hf | 185Hf | 186Hf | 187Hf | 188Hf | 189Hf |
155Ta | 156Ta | 157Ta | 158Ta | 159Ta | 160Ta | 161Ta | 162Ta | 163Ta | 164Ta | 165Ta | 166Ta | 167Ta | 168Ta | 169Ta | 170Ta | 171Ta | 172Ta | 173Ta | 174Ta | 175Ta | 176Ta | 177Ta | 178Ta | 179Ta | 180Ta | 181Ta | 182Ta | 183Ta | 184Ta | 185Ta | 186Ta | 187Ta | 188Ta | 189Ta | 190Ta | |
158W | 159W | 160W | 161W | 162W | 163W | 164W | 165W | 166W | 167W | 168W | 169W | 170W | 171W | 172W | 173W | 174W | 175W | 176W | 177W | 178W | 179W | 180W | 181W | 182W | 183W | 184W | 185W | 186W | 187W | 188W | 189W | 190W | 191W | |||
159Re | 160Re | 161Re | 162Re | 163Re | 164Re | 165Re | 166Re | 167Re | 168Re | 169Re | 170Re | 171Re | 172Re | 173Re | 174Re | 175Re | 176Re | 177Re | 178Re | 179Re | 180Re | 181Re | 182Re | 183Re | 184Re | 185Re | 186Re | 187Re | 188Re | 189Re | 190Re | 191Re | 192Re | |||
161Os | 162Os | 163Os | 164Os | 165Os | 166Os | 167Os | 168Os | 169Os | 170Os | 171Os | 172Os | 173Os | 174Os | 175Os | 176Os | 177Os | 178Os | 179Os | 180Os | 181Os | 182Os | 183Os | 184Os | 185Os | 186Os | 187Os | 188Os | 189Os | 190Os | 191Os | 192Os | 193Os | ||||
164Ir | 165Ir | 166Ir | 167Ir | 168Ir | 169Ir | 170Ir | 171Ir | 172Ir | 173Ir | 174Ir | 175Ir | 176Ir | 177Ir | 178Ir | 179Ir | 180Ir | 181Ir | 182Ir | 183Ir | 184Ir | 185Ir | 186Ir | 187Ir | 188Ir | 189Ir | 190Ir | 191Ir | 192Ir | 193Ir | 194Ir | ||||||
166Pt | 167Pt | 168Pt | 169Pt | 170Pt | 171Pt | 172Pt | 173Pt | 174Pt | 175Pt | 176Pt | 177Pt | 178Pt | 179Pt | 180Pt | 181Pt | 182Pt | 183Pt | 184Pt | 185Pt | 186Pt | 187Pt | 188Pt | 189Pt | 190Pt | 191Pt | 192Pt | 193Pt | 194Pt | 195Pt | |||||||
170Au | 171Au | 172Au | 173Au | 174Au | 175Au | 176Au | 177Au | 178Au | 179Au | 180Au | 181Au | 182Au | 183Au | 184Au | 185Au | 186Au | 187Au | 188Au | 189Au | 190Au | 191Au | 192Au | 193Au | 194Au | 195Au | 196Au | ||||||||||
171Hg | 172Hg | 173Hg | 174Hg | 175Hg | 176Hg | 177Hg | 178Hg | 179Hg | 180Hg | 181Hg | 182Hg | 183Hg | 184Hg | 185Hg | 186Hg | 187Hg | 188Hg | 189Hg | 190Hg | 191Hg | 192Hg | 193Hg | 194Hg | 195Hg | 196Hg | 197Hg | ||||||||||
176Tl | 177Tl | 178Tl | 179Tl | 180Tl | 181Tl | 182Tl | 183Tl | 184Tl | 185Tl | 186Tl | 187Tl | 188Tl | 189Tl | 190Tl | 191Tl | 192Tl | 193Tl | 194Tl | 195Tl | 196Tl | 197Tl | 198Tl | ||||||||||||||
178Pb | 179Pb | 180Pb | 181Pb | 182Pb | 183Pb | 184Pb | 185Pb | 186Pb | 187Pb | 188Pb | 189Pb | 190Pb | 191Pb | 192Pb | 193Pb | 194Pb | 195Pb | 196Pb | 197Pb | 198Pb | 199Pb | |||||||||||||||
184Bi | 185Bi | 186Bi | 187Bi | 188Bi | 189Bi | 190Bi | 191Bi | 192Bi | 193Bi | 194Bi | 195Bi | 196Bi | 197Bi | 198Bi | 199Bi | 200Bi | ||||||||||||||||||||
187Po | 188Po | 189Po | 190Po | 191Po | 192Po | 193Po | 194Po | 195Po | 196Po | 197Po | 198Po | 199Po | 200Po | 201Po | ||||||||||||||||||||||
191At | 192At | 193At | 194At | 195At | 196At | 197At | 198At | 199At | 200At | 201At | 202At | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
193Rn | 194Rn | 195Rn | 196Rn | 197Rn | 198Rn | 199Rn | 200Rn | 201Rn | 202Rn | 203Rn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
199Fr | 200Fr | 201Fr | 202Fr | 203Fr | 204Fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
201Ra | 202Ra | 203Ra | 204Ra | 205Ra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
205Ac | 206Ac |
Literatur und Hinweise
Eigenschaften der Hafnium-Isotope
[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.
[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.
Hafnium: Kernmagnetische Eigenschaften - 177Hf-NMR, 179Hf-NMR
[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.
[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.
[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.
[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).
Weitere Quellen:
[8] - Isotopenhäufigkeiten, Atommassen und Isotopenmassen: Siehe unter dem jeweiligen Stichwort.
[9] - J. L. Gross, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of gallium, germanium, lutetium, and hafnium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2011.09.004.
Kategorie: Chemische Elemente
Letzte Änderung am 12.12.2022.
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