Unter Protactinium-Isotope werden alle Atomkerne des chemischen Elements Protactinium zusammengefasst; diese bestehen allesamt aus einem Atomkern mit 91 Protonen und im ungeladenen Zustand aus 91 Elektronen. Der Unterschied zwischen den einzelnen Protactinium-Isotopen beruht auf der Anzahl der Neutronen im Kern.
Natürlich auftretende Protactinium-Isotope
Natürliche irdische Protactinium-Vorkommen bestehen praktisch zu 100 % aus dem Nuklid 231Pa; außerdem finden sich in geringen Spuren und als Zwischenprodukte radioaktiver Zerfallsprozesse das Isotop 234Pa und dessen kernisomeres Nuklid 234mPa. Alle Protactiniumisotope sind instabil.
Die relative Atommasse wird mit 231,03588(2) u angegeben.
Isotopentabelle: Protactinium
Isotop Nuklid | Z | A | N | Name | Atommasse [Kernmasse] {Massenüberschuss} | Spin I (h/2π) | μ | A-Nuk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
212Pa | 91 | 212 | 121 | Protactinium-212 | 212,02318(8) u [211,9732657 u] {21,59203 MeV} | |||
213Pa | 91 | 213 | 122 | Protactinium-213 | 213,02111(8) u [212,9711957 u] {19,66384 MeV} | |||
214Pa | 91 | 214 | 123 | Protactinium-214 | 214,02092(8) u [213,9710057 u] {19,48685 MeV} | |||
215Pa | 91 | 215 | 124 | Protactinium-215 | 215,01918(8) u [214,9692657 u] {17,86605 MeV} | |||
216Pa | 91 | 216 | 125 | Protactinium-216 | 216,01911(6) u [215,9691957 u] {17,80085 MeV} | |||
217Pa | 91 | 217 | 126 | Protactinium-217 | 217,018324(17) u [216,9684097 u] {17,0687 MeV} | (9/2-) | ||
217mPa | 91 | 217 | 126 | Protactinium-217m | 217,018324(17) u [216,9684097 u] {17,0687 MeV} | (23/2-) | ||
218Pa | 91 | 218 | 127 | Protactinium-218 | 218,020058(20) u [217,9701437 u] {18,68391 MeV} | |||
219Pa | 91 | 219 | 128 | Protactinium-219 | 219,01990(6) u [218,9699857 u] {18,53673 MeV} | 9/2- | ||
220Pa | 91 | 220 | 129 | Protactinium-220 | 220,02170(5) u [219,9717857 u] {20,21342 MeV} | |||
221Pa | 91 | 221 | 130 | Protactinium-221 | 221,02187(6) u [220,9719557 u] {20,37177 MeV} | 9/2- | ||
222Pa | 91 | 222 | 131 | Protactinium-222 | 222,02378(8) u [221,9738657 u] {22,15093 MeV} | 226Np | ||
223Pa | 91 | 223 | 132 | Protactinium-223 | 223,02396(8) u [222,9740457 u] {22,3186 MeV} | 227Np | ||
224Pa | 91 | 224 | 133 | Protactinium-224 | 224,025617(8) u [223,9757027 u] {23,86208 MeV} | (5-) | 228Np | |
225Pa | 91 | 225 | 134 | Protactinium-225 | 225,026150(90) u [224,9762357 u] {24,35857 MeV} | 229Np | ||
226Pa | 91 | 226 | 135 | Protactinium-226 | 226,027948(12) u [225,9780337 u] {26,03339 MeV} | 230Np | ||
227Pa | 91 | 227 | 136 | Protactinium-227 | 227,028804(8) u [226,9788897 u] {26,83075 MeV} | (5/2-) | 231Np | |
228Pa | 91 | 228 | 137 | Protactinium-228 | 228,031051(5) u [227,9811367 u] {28,92382 MeV} | 3+ | 3,5(5) | 232Np |
229Pa | 91 | 229 | 138 | Protactinium-229 | 229,032096(4) u [228,9821817 u] {29,89723 MeV} | (5/2+) | 233Np 229U | |
230Pa | 91 | 230 | 139 | Protactinium-230 | 230,034540(3) u [229,9846257 u] {32,1738 MeV} | 2- | 2,00(29) | |
231Pa | 91 | 231 | 140 | Protactinium-231 | 231,0358826(19) u [230,9859683 u] {33,42443 MeV} | 3/2- | 2,01(2) | 235Np 231U 231Th |
232Pa | 91 | 232 | 141 | Protactinium-232 | 232,038590(8) u [231,9886757 u] {35,94635 MeV} | (2-) | 236Np | |
233Pa | 91 | 233 | 142 | Protactinium-233 | 233,0402466(14) u [232,9903323 u] {37,48947 MeV} | 3/2- | + 3,4(8) | 237Np 233Th |
234Pa | 91 | 234 | 143 | Protactinium-234 | 234,043306(4) u [233,9933917 u] {40,33928 MeV} | 4+ | 234Th | |
234mPa | 91 | 234 | 143 | Protactinium-234m | 234,043306(4) u [233,9933917 u] {40,33928 MeV} | (0-) | ||
235Pa | 91 | 235 | 144 | Protactinium-235 | 235,045399(15) u [234,9954847 u] {42,2889 MeV} | (3/2-) | 235Th | |
236Pa | 91 | 236 | 145 | Protactinium-236 | 236,048668(15) u [235,9987537 u] {45,33395 MeV} | 1(+) | 236Th | |
237Pa | 91 | 237 | 146 | Protactinium-237 | 237,051023(14) u [237,0011087 u] {47,52762 MeV} | (1/2+) | ||
238Pa | 91 | 238 | 147 | Protactinium-238 | 238,054637(17) u [238,0047227 u] {50,89404 MeV} | (3-) | 238Th | |
239Pa | 91 | 239 | 148 | Protactinium-239 | 239,05726(21) u [239,0073457 u] {53,33735 MeV} | (3/2) | ||
240Pa | 91 | 240 | 149 | Protactinium-240 |
Isotop | Zerfall (radioaktiver Zerfall) | AE | Mehr | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Halbwertszeit | Zerfallsart | Anteil | Energie | Info | ||
1 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Pa-212 | ca. 5,1 ms | α zu 208Ac | 100 % | 8,42(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-213 | ca. 5,3 ms | α zu 209Ac | 100 % | 8,39(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-214 | 17(3) ms | α zu 210Ac | ≤ 100 % | 8,27(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-215 | 14(2) ms | α zu 211Ac | 100 % | 8,24(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-216 | ca. 0,15 s | α zu 212Ac EE zu 216Th | ~ 98 % ~ 2 % | 8,097(15) MeV 7,50(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-217 | 3,8(2) ms | α zu 213Ac | 100 % | 8,489(4) MeV | AL | |
Pa-217m | 1,08(3) ms | α zu 213Ac Iso zu 217Pa | 73(4) % 27(4) % | 1854,7 KeV | AL | |
Pa-218 | 113(10) μs | α zu 214Ac | 100 % | 9,815(10) MeV | AL | |
Pa-219 | 53(10) ns | α zu 215Ac | 100 % | 10,08(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-220 | 0,78(16) μs | α zu 216Ac EE/β+ zu 220Th | > 99 % << 1 % | 9,65(5) MeV 5,55(6) MeV | AL | |
Pa-221 | 5,9(17) μs | α zu 217Ac | 100 % | 9,25(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-222 | ca. 2,9 ms | α zu 218Ac | 100 % | 8,89(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-223 | 5,1(6) ms | α zu 219Ac | 100 % | 8,33(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-224 | 846(20) ms | α zu 220Ac | 100 % | 7,694(6) MeV | AL | |
Pa-225 | 1,7(2) s | α zu 221Ac | 100 % | 7,401(59) MeV | AL | |
Pa-226 | 1,8(2) Minuten | α zu 222Ac EE/β+ zu 226Th | 74(5) % 26(5) % | 6,987(10) MeV 2,836(12) MeV | AL | |
Pa-227 | 38,3(3) Minuten | α zu 223Ac EE zu 227Th | 85(2) % 15(2) % | 6,5804(21) MeV 1,026(8) MeV | AL | |
Pa-228 | 22(1) Stunden | α zu 224Ac EE/β+ zu 228Th | 1,85(17) % 98,15(17) % | 6,2645(15) MeV 2,153(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-229 | 1,50(5) Tage | α zu 225Ac EE zu 229Th | 0,48(5) % 99,52(5) % | 5,835(4) MeV 0,311(4) MeV | AL | |
Pa-230 | 17,4(5) Tage | α zu 226Ac EE/β+ zu 230Th β- zu 230U | 0,0032(1) % 92,2(7) % 7,8(7) % | 5,4394(7) MeV 1,311(3) MeV 0,559(5) MeV | AL | |
Pa-231 | 3,276(11) × 104 Jahre | α zu 227Ac SZ div | ca. 100 % <<< 1 % | 5,1499(8) MeV | AL | |
Pa-232 | 1,32(2) Tage | β- zu 232U EE zu 232Th | ca. 100 % ? | 1,337(7) MeV 0,500(8) MeV | AL | |
Pa-233 | 26,975(13) Tage | β- zu 233U | 100 % | 0,5703(20) MeV | AL | |
Pa-234 | 6,70(5) Stunden | β- zu 234U | 100 % | 2,194(4) MeV | AL | |
Pa-234m | 1,159(11) Minuten | β- zu 234U Iso zu 234Pa | 99,84(4) % 0,16(4) % | 73,92+x keV | AL | |
Pa-235 | 24,4(2) Minuten | β- zu 235U | 100 % | 1,370(14) MeV | AL | |
Pa-236 | 9,1(1) Minuten | β- zu 236U | 100 % | 2,889(14) MeV | AL | |
Pa-237 | 8,7(2) Minuten | β- zu 237U | 100 % | 2,137(13) MeV | AL | |
Pa-238 | 2,28(10) Minuten | β- zu 238U | 100 % | 3,586(16) MeV | AL | |
Pa-239 | 1,8(5) Stunden | β- zu 239U | 100 % | 2,76(20) MeV | AL | |
Pa-240 | - ungelistet - | AL |
Erläuterungen zu den einzelnen Spalten:
1 - Symbol mit Nukleonenzahl.
2 - Z = Anzahl der Protonen (Ordnungszahl).
3 - Massenzahl A.
4 - N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
5 - Bezeichnung des Protactinium-Isotops; gegebenenfalls Trivialnamen.
6 - Relative Atommasse des Protactinium-Isotops (Isotopenmasse inklusive Elektronen) und in eckigen Klammern die Masse des Atomkerns (Kernmasse, Nuklidmasse ohne Elektronen), jeweils bezogen auf 12C = 12,00000 [2]. Zusätzlich ist der Massenüberschuss (Massenexzess) in MeV angegeben.
7 - Kernspin I, Einheit: h/2π.
8 - Kernmagnetisches Moment μmag.
9 - Ausgangsnuklide: Mögliche, angenommene oder tatsächliche Ausgangs-Nuklide (Mutternuklide, Elternnuklide). Die entsprechenden Zerfalls-Modi sind gegebenenfalls bei den Daten des jeweiligen Ausgangsnuklids zu finden.
10 - Zerfall: Halbwertszeiten des Protactinium-Isotops mit a = Jahre; ; d = Tage; h = Stunden; min = Minuten; s = Sekunden.
11 - Zerfall: Zerfallsart in die jeweiligen Tochternuklide mit n = Neutronenemission; p = Protonenemission; α = Alpha-Zerfall; ß- = Beta-Minus-Zerfall unter Elektronenemission; EE = Elektroneneinfang; ß+ = Positronenemission; ε = ß+ und/oder EE; Iso = Isomerieübergang; CZ = Cluster-Zerfall; SZ = Spontanzerfall.
12 - Zerfall: Zerfallsanteil in Prozent (%).
13 - Zerfall: Zerfallsenergie; Partikelenergie bezogen auf Zerfallsart.
14 - AE = Anregungsenergie für metastabile Kerne.
15 - Sonstige Informationen und Hinweise: AL = Weitere Niveaus, so genannte Adopted Levels (Verlinkung auf externe Daten [1]).
Sonstige:
()- Eingeklammerte Ziffern: Unsicherheit zur Darstellung der Streubreite des angegebenen Wertes.
~ - Theoretische Werte oder systematische Trends.
- ungelistet-: Nuklide, die in der Literatur bereits erwänhnt wurden, aber aus irgendwelchen Gründen in den aktuellen Nuklidtabellen nicht mehr zu finden sind, weil sich deren Entdeckung z. B. nicht bestätigt hat.
NMR-aktive Protactinium-Nuklide
Nuklid Anteil Spin I | Kernmagnetisches Moment μ/μN | Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis 107 rad T-1 s-1 | Quadrupol- Moment Q [barn] | Resonanz- Frequenz v0 bei 1 T | Relative Empfindlichkeit H0 = const. v0 = const. * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
231Pa 100 % 3/2- | 2,01(2) | 0,40 | -1,72(5) | 10,2 | 0,06903 1,1995 |
*) bezogen auf 1H = 1,000
Strahlenschutz
Für den Umgang mit den Protactinium-Radionukliden gelten gemäß Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV 2018) unter anderem folgende Werte (Spalten 1 bis 7):
Nuklid | Freigrenzen | HRQ-Schwelle | OFK | Tochternuklide | Halbwertszeit | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pa-227+ | 106 Bq | 1000 Bq/g | 38,3 Minuten | |||
Pa-228+ | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 22,0 Stunden | |||
Pa-230+ | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 0,1 TBq | 1 Bq cm-2 | 17,4 Tage | |
Pa-231 | 103 Bq | 0,01 Bq/g | 0,01 Bq cm-2 | 33000 Jahre | ||
Pa-232 | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 1,3 Tage | |||
Pa-233 | 107 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 0,4 TBq | 10 Bq cm-2 | 27,0 Tage | |
Pa-234 | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 6,8 Stunden |
(HRQ = Hochradioaktive Quellen; OFK = Oberflächenkontamination)
Kernisobare Nuklide des Protactiniums
Zu den Protactinium-Nukliden isobare Atomkerne befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; Z = Ordnungszahl; A = Nukleonenzahl (Massenzahl).
Z: | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn | Fr | Ra | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es |
212 | 212Hg | 212Tl | 212Pb | 212Bi | 212Po | 212At | 212Rn | 212Fr | 212Ra | 212Ac | 212Th | 212Pa | ||||||||
213 | 213Hg | 213Tl | 213Pb | 213Bi | 213Po | 213At | 213Rn | 213Fr | 213Ra | 213Ac | 213Th | 213Pa | ||||||||
214 | 214Hg | 214Tl | 214Pb | 214Bi | 214Po | 214At | 214Rn | 214Fr | 214Ra | 214Ac | 214Th | 214Pa | ||||||||
215 | 215Hg | 215Tl | 215Pb | 215Bi | 215Po | 215At | 215Rn | 215Fr | 215Ra | 215Ac | 215Th | 215Pa | ||||||||
216 | 216Hg | 216Tl | 216Pb | 216Bi | 216Po | 216At | 216Rn | 216Fr | 216Ra | 216Ac | 216Th | 216Pa | ||||||||
217 | 217Tl | 217Pb | 217Bi | 217Po | 217At | 217Rn | 217Fr | 217Ra | 217Ac | 217Th | 217Pa | 217U | ||||||||
218 | 218Pb | 218Bi | 218Po | 218At | 218Rn | 218Fr | 218Ra | 218Ac | 218Th | 218Pa | 218U | |||||||||
219 | 219Pb | 219Bi | 219Po | 219At | 219Rn | 219Fr | 219Ra | 219Ac | 219Th | 219Pa | 219U | |||||||||
220 | 220Pb | 220Bi | 220Po | 220At | 220Rn | 220Fr | 220Ra | 220Ac | 220Th | 220Pa | 220U | |||||||||
221 | 221Bi | 221Po | 221At | 221Rn | 221Fr | 221Ra | 221Ac | 221Th | 221Pa | 221U | ||||||||||
222 | 222Po | 222At | 222Rn | 222Fr | 222Ra | 222Ac | 222Th | 222Pa | 222U | |||||||||||
223 | 223Po | 223At | 223Rn | 223Fr | 223Ra | 223Ac | 223Th | 223Pa | 223U | |||||||||||
224 | 224Po | 224At | 224Rn | 224Fr | 224Ra | 224Ac | 224Th | 224Pa | 224U | |||||||||||
225 | 225Po | 225At | 225Rn | 225Fr | 225Ra | 225Ac | 225Th | 225Pa | 225U | 225Np | ||||||||||
226 | 226Po | 226At | 226Rn | 226Fr | 226Ra | 226Ac | 226Th | 226Pa | 226U | 226Np | ||||||||||
227 | 227Po | 227At | 227Rn | 227Fr | 227Ra | 227Ac | 227Th | 227Pa | 227U | 227Np | ||||||||||
228 | 228At | 228Rn | 228Fr | 228Ra | 228Ac | 228Th | 228Pa | 228U | 228Np | 228Pu | ||||||||||
229 | 229At | 229Rn | 229Fr | 229Ra | 229Ac | 229Th | 229Pa | 229U | 229Np | 229Pu | ||||||||||
230 | 230Rn | 230Fr | 230Ra | 230Ac | 230Th | 230Pa | 230U | 230Np | 230Pu | 230Am | ||||||||||
231 | 231Fr | 231Ra | 231Ac | 231Th | 231Pa | 231U | 231Np | 231Pu | 231Am | |||||||||||
232 | 232Fr | 232Ra | 232Ac | 232Th | 232Pa | 232U | 232Np | 232Pu | 232Am | 232Cm | ||||||||||
233 | 233Ra | 233Ac | 233Th | 233Pa | 233U | 233Np | 233Pu | 233Am | 233Cm | 233Bk | ||||||||||
234 | 234Ra | 234Ac | 234Th | 234Pa | 234U | 234Np | 234Pu | 234Am | 234Cm | 234Bk | ||||||||||
235 | 235Ac | 235Th | 235Pa | 235U | 235Np | 235Pu | 235Am | 235Cm | 235Bk | |||||||||||
236 | 236Ac | 236Th | 236Pa | 236U | 236Np | 236Pu | 236Am | 236Cm | 236Bk | |||||||||||
237 | 237Th | 237Pa | 237U | 237Np | 237Pu | 237Am | 237Cm | 237Bk | 237Cf | |||||||||||
238 | 238Th | 238Pa | 238U | 238Np | 238Pu | 238Am | 238Cm | 238Bk | 238Cf | |||||||||||
239 | 239Pa | 239U | 239Np | 239Pu | 239Am | 239Cm | 239Bk | 239Cf | ||||||||||||
240 | 240Pa | 240U | 240Np | 240Pu | 240Am | 240Cm | 240Bk | 240Cf | 240Es |
Kernisotone Nuklide des Protactiniums
Die zu den Protactinium-Kernen isotonen Nuklide befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
121 | 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
197Os | 198Os | 199Os | 200Os | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
198Ir | 199Ir | 200Ir | 201Ir | 202Ir | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
199Pt | 200Pt | 201Pt | 202Pt | 203Pt | 204Pt | 205Pt | ||||||||||||||||||||||
200Au | 201Au | 202Au | 203Au | 204Au | 205Au | 206Au | 207Au | 208Au | 209Au | 210Au | ||||||||||||||||||
201Hg | 202Hg | 203Hg | 204Hg | 205Hg | 206Hg | 207Hg | 208Hg | 209Hg | 210Hg | 211Hg | 212Hg | 213Hg | 214Hg | 215Hg | 216Hg | |||||||||||||
202Tl | 203Tl | 204Tl | 205Tl | 206Tl | 207Tl | 208Tl | 209Tl | 210Tl | 211Tl | 212Tl | 213Tl | 214Tl | 215Tl | 216Tl | 217Tl | |||||||||||||
203Pb | 204Pb | 205Pb | 206Pb | 207Pb | 208Pb | 209Pb | 210Pb | 211Pb | 212Pb | 213Pb | 214Pb | 215Pb | 216Pb | 217Pb | 218Pb | 219Pb | 220Pb | |||||||||||
204Bi | 205Bi | 206Bi | 207Bi | 208Bi | 209Bi | 210Bi | 211Bi | 212Bi | 213Bi | 214Bi | 215Bi | 216Bi | 217Bi | 218Bi | 219Bi | 220Bi | 221Bi | |||||||||||
205Po | 206Po | 207Po | 208Po | 209Po | 210Po | 211Po | 212Po | 213Po | 214Po | 215Po | 216Po | 217Po | 218Po | 219Po | 220Po | 221Po | 222Po | 223Po | 224Po | 225Po | 226Po | 227Po | ||||||
206At | 207At | 208At | 209At | 210At | 211At | 212At | 213At | 214At | 215At | 216At | 217At | 218At | 219At | 220At | 221At | 222At | 223At | 224At | 225At | 226At | 227At | 228At | 229At | |||||
207Rn | 208Rn | 209Rn | 210Rn | 211Rn | 212Rn | 213Rn | 214Rn | 215Rn | 216Rn | 217Rn | 218Rn | 219Rn | 220Rn | 221Rn | 222Rn | 223Rn | 224Rn | 225Rn | 226Rn | 227Rn | 228Rn | 229Rn | 230Rn | |||||
208Fr | 209Fr | 210Fr | 211Fr | 212Fr | 213Fr | 214Fr | 215Fr | 216Fr | 217Fr | 218Fr | 219Fr | 220Fr | 221Fr | 222Fr | 223Fr | 224Fr | 225Fr | 226Fr | 227Fr | 228Fr | 229Fr | 230Fr | 231Fr | 232Fr | ||||
209Ra | 210Ra | 211Ra | 212Ra | 213Ra | 214Ra | 215Ra | 216Ra | 217Ra | 218Ra | 219Ra | 220Ra | 221Ra | 222Ra | 223Ra | 224Ra | 225Ra | 226Ra | 227Ra | 228Ra | 229Ra | 230Ra | 231Ra | 232Ra | 233Ra | 234Ra | |||
210Ac | 211Ac | 212Ac | 213Ac | 214Ac | 215Ac | 216Ac | 217Ac | 218Ac | 219Ac | 220Ac | 221Ac | 222Ac | 223Ac | 224Ac | 225Ac | 226Ac | 227Ac | 228Ac | 229Ac | 230Ac | 231Ac | 232Ac | 233Ac | 234Ac | 235Ac | 236Ac | ||
211Th | 212Th | 213Th | 214Th | 215Th | 216Th | 217Th | 218Th | 219Th | 220Th | 221Th | 222Th | 223Th | 224Th | 225Th | 226Th | 227Th | 228Th | 229Th | 230Th | 231Th | 232Th | 233Th | 234Th | 235Th | 236Th | 237Th | 238Th | |
212Pa | 213Pa | 214Pa | 215Pa | 216Pa | 217Pa | 218Pa | 219Pa | 220Pa | 221Pa | 222Pa | 223Pa | 224Pa | 225Pa | 226Pa | 227Pa | 228Pa | 229Pa | 230Pa | 231Pa | 232Pa | 233Pa | 234Pa | 235Pa | 236Pa | 237Pa | 238Pa | 239Pa | 240Pa |
216U | 217U | 218U | 219U | 220U | 221U | 222U | 223U | 224U | 225U | 226U | 227U | 228U | 229U | 230U | 231U | 232U | 233U | 234U | 235U | 236U | 237U | 238U | 239U | 240U | 241U | |||
219Np | 225Np | 226Np | 227Np | 228Np | 229Np | 230Np | 231Np | 232Np | 233Np | 234Np | 235Np | 236Np | 237Np | 238Np | 239Np | 240Np | 241Np | 242Np | ||||||||||
228Pu | 229Pu | 230Pu | 231Pu | 232Pu | 233Pu | 234Pu | 235Pu | 236Pu | 237Pu | 238Pu | 239Pu | 240Pu | 241Pu | 242Pu | 243Pu | |||||||||||||
223Am | 229Am | 230Am | 231Am | 232Am | 233Am | 234Am | 235Am | 236Am | 237Am | 238Am | 239Am | 240Am | 241Am | 242Am | 243Am | 244Am | ||||||||||||
232Cm | 233Cm | 234Cm | 235Cm | 236Cm | 237Cm | 238Cm | 239Cm | 240Cm | 241Cm | 242Cm | 243Cm | 244Cm | 245Cm | |||||||||||||||
233Bk | 234Bk | 235Bk | 236Bk | 237Bk | 238Bk | 239Bk | 240Bk | 241Bk | 242Bk | 243Bk | 244Bk | 245Bk | 246Bk | |||||||||||||||
237Cf | 238Cf | 239Cf | 240Cf | 241Cf | 242Cf | 243Cf | 244Cf | 245Cf | 246Cf | 247Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
240Es | 241Es | 242Es | 243Es | 244Es | 245Es | 246Es | 247Es | 248Es | ||||||||||||||||||||
241Fm | 242Fm | 243Fm | 244Fm | 245Fm | 246Fm | 247Fm | 248Fm | 249Fm | ||||||||||||||||||||
244Md | 245Md | 246Md | 247Md | 248Md | 249Md | 250Md | ||||||||||||||||||||||
250No | 251No | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
252Lr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
253Rf |
Literatur und Hinweise
Eigenschaften der Protactinium-Isotope
[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.
[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.
Protactinium: Kernmagnetische Eigenschaften - 231Pa-NMR
[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.
[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.
[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.
[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).
Weitere Quellen:
[8] - Isotopenhäufigkeiten, Atommassen und Isotopenmassen: Siehe unter dem jeweiligen Stichwort.
[9] - C. Fry, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of actinium, thorium, protactinium, and uranium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2013), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2012.03.002.
Kategorie: Chemische Elemente
Letzte Änderung am 12.12.2022.
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