Unter Kupfer-Isotope werden alle Atomkerne des chemischen Elements Kupfer zusammengefasst; diese bestehen aus einem Atomkern mit 29 Protonen und im ungeladenen Zustand aus 29 Elektronen. Der Unterschied zwischen den einzelnen Kupfer-Isotopen liegt in der Anzahl der Neutronen im Kern begründet.
Natürlich auftretende Kupfer-Isotope
Natürliche Kupfervorkommen setzten sich aus den stabilen Isotopen Cu-63 und Cu-65 zusammen. Darüber hinaus sind 27 Radioisotope bekannt.
Die nachfolgende Tabelle gibt Auskunft über die natürliche Isotopenzusammensetzung des Kupfers:
Atommasse Ar | Anteil | Halbwertszeit | Spin | |
Kupfer Isotopengemisch | 63,546 u | 100 % | ||
Isotop 63Cu | 62,929598(4) u | 69,15(15) % | stabil | 3/2- |
Isotop 65Cu | 64,927790(5) u | 30,85(15) % | stabil | 3/2- |
Isotopentabelle: Kupfer
Isotop Nuklid | Z | A | N | Name | Atommasse [Kernmasse] {Massenüberschuss} | Spin I (h/2π) | μ | A-Nuk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
53Cu | 29 | 53 | 24 | Kupfer-53 | 52,98575(54) u [52,9698416 u] {-13,27379 MeV} | (3/2-) | ||
54Cu | 29 | 54 | 25 | Kupfer-54 | 53,97701(43) u [53,9611016 u] {-21,41505 MeV} | 3+ | ||
55Cu | 29 | 55 | 26 | Kupfer-55 | 54,96604(17) u [54,9501316 u] {-31,63354 MeV} | 3/2- | ||
56Cu | 29 | 56 | 27 | Kupfer-56 | 55.958515(16) u [55,9426066 u] {-38,64303 MeV} | (4+) | ||
57Cu | 29 | 57 | 28 | Kupfer-57 | 56,9492118(6) u [56,9333034 u] {-47,3089 MeV} | 3/2- | +2,582(7) | 57Zn |
58Cu | 29 | 58 | 29 | Kupfer-58 | 57,9445324(6) u [57,928624 u] {-51,66774 MeV} | 1+ | +0,52(8) | 58Zn |
59Cu | 29 | 59 | 30 | Kupfer-59 | 58,9394968(6) u [58,9235884 u] {-56,35837 MeV} | 3/2- | +1,8931(9) | 59Zn |
60Cu | 29 | 60 | 31 | Kupfer-60 | 59,9373639(17) u [59,9214555 u] {-58,34515 MeV} | 2+ | +1,2200(5) | 60Zn |
61Cu | 29 | 61 | 32 | Kupfer-61 | 60,9334574(10) u [60,917549 u] {-61,98403 MeV} | 3/2- | +2,1107(5) | 61Zn |
62Cu | 29 | 62 | 33 | Kupfer-62 | 61,9325949(7) u [61,9166865 u] {-62,78745 MeV} | 1+ | -0,3800(4) | 62Zn |
63Cu | 29 | 63 | 34 | Kupfer-63 | 62,929598(4) u [62,9136896 u] {-65,57904 MeV} | 3/2- | +2,2259(4) | 63Zn 63Ni |
64Cu | 29 | 64 | 35 | Kupfer-64 | 63,9297640(5) u [63,9138556 u] {-65,42441 MeV} | 1+ | -0,2166(4) | 64Zn 64Ni |
65Cu | 29 | 65 | 36 | Kupfer-65 | 64,927790(5) u [64,9118816 u] {-67,26318 MeV} | 3/2- | 2,3844(4) | 65Zn 65Ni |
66Cu | 29 | 66 | 37 | Kupfer-66 | 65,9288688(7) u [65,9129604 u] {-66,25829 MeV} | 1+ | -0,2826(8) | 66Ni |
66mCu | 29 | 66 | 37 | Kupfer-66m | 65,9288688(7) u [65,9129604 u] {-66,25829 MeV} | (6)- | +1,038(3) | |
67Cu | 29 | 67 | 38 | Kupfer-67 | 66,9277295(10) u [66,9118211 u] {-67,31954 MeV} | 3/2- | +2,5171(6) | 67Ni |
68Cu | 29 | 68 | 39 | Kupfer-68 | 67,9296109(17) u [67,9137025 u] {-65,56702 MeV} | 1+ | +2,3933(6) | 68Ni |
68mCu | 29 | 68 | 39 | Kupfer-68m | 67,9296109(17) u [67,9137025 u] {-65,56702 MeV} | 6- | +1,1561(6) | |
69Cu | 29 | 69 | 40 | Kupfer-69 | 68,9294293(15) u [68,9135209 u] {-65,73618 MeV} | 3/2- | +2,8383(10) | 69Ni |
69mCu | 29 | 69 | 40 | Kupfer-69m | 68,9294293(15) u [68,9135209 u] {-65,73618 MeV} | (13/2+) | 1,46(16) | |
70Cu | 29 | 70 | 41 | Kupfer-70 | 69,9323921(12) u [69,9164837 u] {-62,97635 MeV} | 6- | +1,3666(5) | 70Ni |
70m1Cu | 29 | 70 | 41 | Kupfer-70m1 | 69,9323921(12) u [69,9164837 u] {-62,97635 MeV} | 3- | -3,3641(15) | |
70m2Cu | 29 | 70 | 41 | Kupfer-70m2 | 69,9323921(12) u [69,9164837 u] {-62,97635 MeV} | 1+ | +1,7779(15) | |
71Cu | 29 | 71 | 42 | Kupfer-71 | 70,9326768(16) u [70,9167684 u] {-62,71116 MeV} | 3/2(-) | +2,2747(8) | |
71mCu | 29 | 71 | 42 | Kupfer-71m | 70,9326768(16) u [70,9167684 u] {-62,71116 MeV} | (19/2-) | ||
72Cu | 29 | 72 | 43 | Kupfer-72 | 71,9358203(15) u [71,9199119 u] {-59,78301 MeV} | 2- | -1,3487(10) | |
72Cu | 29 | 72 | 43 | Kupfer-72m | 71,9358203(15) u [71,9199119 u] {-59,78301 MeV} | (6-) | ||
73Cu | 29 | 73 | 44 | Kupfer-73 | 72,9366744(21) u [72,920766 u] {-58,98742 MeV} | 3/2- | +1,7425(9) | 73Ni |
74Cu | 29 | 74 | 45 | Kupfer-74 | 73,939875(7) u [73,9239666 u] {-56,00608 MeV} | 2- | -1,068(3) | 74Ni |
75Cu | 29 | 75 | 46 | Kupfer-75 | 74,9415226(25) u [74,9256142 u] {-54,47135 MeV} | 5/2(-) | +1,0062(13) | |
75m1Cu | 29 | 75 | 46 | Kupfer-75m1 | 74,9415226(25) u [74,9256142 u] {-54,47135 MeV} | (1/2-,3/2-) | ||
75m2Cu | 29 | 75 | 46 | Kupfer-75m2 | 74,9415226(25) u [74,9256142 u] {-54,47135 MeV} | (1/2-,3/2-) | ||
76Cu | 29 | 76 | 47 | Kupfer-76 | 75,945275(7) u [75,9293666 u] {-50,97601 MeV} | 3- | -1,0907(15) | |
76mCu | 29 | 76 | 47 | Kupfer-76m | 75,945275(7) u [75,9293666 u] {-50,97601 MeV} | |||
77Cu | 29 | 77 | 48 | Kupfer-77 | 76,94780(16) u [76,9318916 u] {-48,62399 MeV} | 5/2- | +1,61(5) | |
78Cu | 29 | 78 | 49 | Kupfer-78 | 77,95223(54) u [77,9363216 u] {-44,49747 MeV} | (4-,5-,6-) | +0,238(3) | |
79Cu | 29 | 79 | 50 | Kupfer-79 | 78,95519(32) u [78,9392816 u] {-41,74025 MeV} | |||
80Cu | 29 | 80 | 51 | Kupfer-80 | 79,96114(43) u [79,9452316 u] {-36,19786 MeV} | |||
81Cu | 29 | 81 | 52 | Kupfer-81 | 80,96627(54) u [80,9503616 u] {-31,41929 MeV} | |||
82Cu | 29 | 82 | 53 | Kupfer-82 | 81,97282(64) u [81,9569116 u] {-25,31801 MeV} |
Isotop | Zerfall (radioaktiver Zerfall) | AE | Mehr | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Halbwertszeit | Zerfallsart | Anteil | Energie | Info | ||
1 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Cu-53 | 130 ns | p zu 52Ni | ? | AL | ||
Cu-54 | 75 ns | p zu 53Ni | ? | AL | ||
Cu-55 | 40 ms | β+ zu 55Ni p zu 54Ni EE, p 54Co | ? 15(4) % | 13,70(16) MeV | AL | |
Cu-56 | 93(3) ms | β+ zu 56Ni p zu 54Ni | < 100 % 0,40(12) % | 15,265(15) MeV | AL | |
Cu-57 | 196,3(7) ms | EE/β+ zu 57Ni | 100 % | 8,7749(8) MeV | AL | |
Cu-58 | 3,204(7) s | EE/β+ zu 58Ni | 100 % | 8,5610(7) MeV | AL | |
Cu-59 | 81,5(5) s | EE/β+ zu 59Ni | 100 % | 4,7984(7) MeV | AL | |
Cu-60 | 23,7(4) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 60Ni | 100 % | 6,1280(17) MeV | AL | |
Cu-61 | 3,339(8) Stunden | EE/β+ zu 61Ni | 100 % | 2,2378(10) MeV | AL | |
Cu-62 | 9,67(3) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 62Ni | 100 % | 3,9589(8) MeV | AL | |
Cu-63 | stabil | AL | ||||
Cu-64 | 12,7006(20) Stunden | β- zu 64Zn ε zu 64Ni | 38,48(3) % 61,52(3) % | 0,5796(6) MeV 1,6746(6) MeV | AL | |
Cu-65 | stabil | AL | ||||
Cu-66 | 5,120(14) Minuten | β- zu 66Zn | 100 % | 2,6409(9) MeV | AL | |
Cu-66m | 600(20) ns | 1154,2(14) keV | ||||
Cu-67 | 61,83(12) Stunden | β- zu 67Zn | 100 % | 0,5608(8) MeV | AL | |
Cu-68 | 30,9(6) s | β- zu 68Zn | 100 % | 4,4401(18) MeV | AL | |
Cu-68m | 3,75(5) Minuten | Iso zu 68Cu β- zu 68Zn | 86(2) % 14(2) % | 721,26(8) keV | AL | |
Cu-69 | 2,85(15) Minuten | β- zu 69Zn | 100 % | 2,6816(16) MeV | AL | |
Cu-69m | 357(2) ns | 27420(7) keV | ||||
Cu-70 | 44,5(2) s | β- zu 70Zn | 100 % | 6,588(4) MeV | AL | |
Cu-70m1 | 33(2) s | β- zu 70Zn Iso zu 70Cu | 52(9) % 48(9) % | 101,1(3) keV | AL | |
Cu-70m2 | 6,6(2) s | β- zu 70Zn Iso zu 70Cu | 93,2(9) % 6,8(9) % | 242,6(5) keV | AL | |
Cu-71 | 19,4(16) s | β- zu 71Zn | 100 % | 4,618(3) MeV | AL | |
Cu-71m | 0,271(14) μs | 2755,7(6) keV | ||||
Cu-72 | 6,63(3) s | β- zu 72Zn | 100 % | 8,3625(26) MeV | AL | |
Cu-72m | 176(3) μs | 270,3 keV | ||||
Cu-73 | 4,2(3) s | β- zu 73Zn β-, n zu 72Zn | 100 % ? | 6,6060(27) MeV | AL | |
Cu-74 | 1,63(5) s | β- zu 74Zn β-, n zu 73Zn | 100 % ? | 9,751(7) MeV 1,516(6) MeV | AL | |
Cu-75 | 1,224(3) s | β- zu 75Zn β-, n zu 74Zn | 96,5 % 3,5(6) % | 8,088(3) MeV 3,214(3) MeV | AL | |
Cu-75m1 | 310(8) ns | Iso zu 75Cu | 100 % | 61,7(4) keV | ||
Cu-75m2 | 149(6) ns | Iso zu 75Cu | 100 % | 66,2(4) keV | ||
Cu-76 | 641(6) ms | β- zu 76Zn β-, n zu 75Zn | 97 % 3(2) % | 11,327(7) MeV 3,512(17) MeV | AL | |
Cu-76m | 1,27(30) s | β- zu 76Zn | 100 % | +y keV | AL | |
Cu-77 | 467,9(21) ms | β- zu 77Zn β-, n zu 76Zn | 69,7 % 30,3(20) % | 10,16(15) MeV 5,61(15) | AL | |
Cu-78 | 335(11) ms | β- zu 78Zn β-, n zu 77Zn | 35 65(8) % | 12,99(50) MeV 6,22(50) MeV | AL | |
Cu-79 | 241,0(32) ms | β- zu 79Zn β-, n zu 78Zn β-, 2n zu 77Zn | 34 % 66(12) % ? | 11,69(30) MeV 7.67(30) MeV | AL | |
Cu-80 | 113,6 ms | β- zu 80Zn β-, n zu 79Zn β-, 2n zu 78Zn | 100 % ? ? | 15,45(40) MeV 9,16(40) MeV | AL | |
Cu-81 | 73,2(68) ms | β- zu 81Zn β-, n zu 80Zn β-, 2n zu 79Zn | 100 % ? ? | 14,78(59) MeV 12,16(50) MeV | AL | |
Cu-82 | 33 ms | β- zu 82Zn β-, n zu 81Zn β-, 2n zu 80Zn | 100 % ? ? | 16,99(60) MeV 12,81(60) MeV | AL |
Erläuterungen zu den einzelnen Spalten:
1 - Symbol mit Nukleonenzahl.
2 - Z = Anzahl der Protonen (Ordnungszahl).
3 - Massenzahl A.
4 - N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
5 - Bezeichnung des Kupfer-Isotops; gegebenenfalls Trivialnamen.
6 - Relative Atommasse des Kupfer-Isotops (Isotopenmasse inklusive Elektronen) und in eckigen Klammern die Masse des Atomkerns (Kernmasse, Nuklidmasse ohne Elektronen), jeweils bezogen auf 12C = 12,00000 [2]. Zusätzlich ist der Massenüberschuss (Massenexzess) in MeV angegeben.
7 - Kernspin I, Einheit: h/2π.
8 - Kernmagnetisches Moment μmag.
9 - Ausgangsnuklide: Mögliche, angenommene oder tatsächliche Ausgangs-Nuklide (Mutternuklide, Elternnuklide). Die entsprechenden Zerfalls-Modi sind gegebenenfalls bei den Daten des jeweiligen Ausgangsnuklids zu finden.
10 - Zerfall: Halbwertszeiten des Kupfer-Isotops mit a = Jahre; ; d = Tage; h = Stunden; min = Minuten; s = Sekunden.
11 - Zerfall: Zerfallsart in die jeweiligen Tochternuklide mit n = Neutronenemission; p = Protonenemission; α = Alpha-Zerfall; ß- = Beta-Minus-Zerfall unter Elektronenemission; EE = Elektroneneinfang; ß+ = Positronenemission; ε = ß+ und/oder EE; Iso = Isomerieübergang; CZ = Cluster-Zerfall; SZ = Spontanzerfall.
12 - Zerfall: Zerfallsanteil in Prozent (%).
13 - Zerfall: Zerfallsenergie; Partikelenergie bezogen auf Zerfallsart.
14 - AE = Anregungsenergie für metastabile Kerne.
15 - Sonstige Informationen und Hinweise: AL = Weitere Niveaus, so genannte Adopted Levels (Verlinkung auf externe Daten [1]).
Sonstige:
()- Eingeklammerte Ziffern: Unsicherheit zur Darstellung der Streubreite des angegebenen Wertes.
~ - Theoretische Werte oder systematische Trends.
- ungelistet-: Nuklide, die in der Literatur bereits erwänhnt wurden, aber aus irgendwelchen Gründen in den aktuellen Nuklidtabellen nicht mehr zu finden sind, weil sich deren Entdeckung z. B. nicht bestätigt hat.
NMR-aktive Kupfer-Nuklide
Nuklid Anteil Spin I | Kernmagnetisches Moment μ/μN | Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis 107 rad T-1 s-1 | Quadrupol- Moment Q [barn] | Resonanz- Frequenz v0 bei 1 T | Relative Empfindlichkeit H0 = const. v0 = const. * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
63Cu 69,15(15) % 3/2- | +2,2259(4) | 7,1088 | -0,220(15) | 11,3188 | 0,09393 1,3292 |
64Cu 1+ | -0,2166(4) | 0,075(9) | |||
65Cu 30,85(15) % 3/2- | 2,3844(4) | 7,6104 | - 0,204(14) | 12,1027 | 0,11484 1,4213 |
*) bezogen auf 1H = 1,000
Strahlenschutz
Für den Umgang mit den Kupfer-Radionukliden gelten gemäß Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV 2018) unter anderem folgende Werte (Spalten 1 bis 7):
Nuklid | Freigrenzen | HRQ-Schwelle | OFK | Tochternuklide | Halbwertszeit | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu-60 | 105 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 23,7 Minuten | |||
Cu-61 | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 3,3 Stunden | |||
Cu-64 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 0,3 TBq | 10 Bq cm-2 | 12,7 Stunden | |
Cu-67 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 0,7 TBq | 61,9 Stunden |
(HRQ = Hochradioaktive Quellen; OFK = Oberflächenkontamination)
Kernisobare Nuklide des Kupfers
Zu den Kupfer-Nukliden isobare Atomkerne befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; Z = Ordnungszahl; A = Nukleonenzahl (Massenzahl).
Z: | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Ar | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb |
53 | 53Ar | 53K | 53Ca | 53Sc | 53Ti | 53V | 53Cr | 53Mn | 53Fe | 53Co | 53Ni | 53Cu | ||||||||||||
54 | 54K | 54Ca | 54Sc | 54Ti | 54V | 54Cr | 54Mn | 54Fe | 54Co | 54Ni | 54Cu | 54Zn | ||||||||||||
55 | 55K | 55Ca | 55Sc | 55Ti | 55V | 55Cr | 55Mn | 55Fe | 55Co | 55Ni | 55Cu | 55Zn | ||||||||||||
56 | 56K | 56Ca | 56Sc | 56Ti | 56V | 56Cr | 56Mn | 56Fe | 56Co | 56Ni | 56Cu | 56Zn | ||||||||||||
57 | 57Ca | 57Sc | 57Ti | 57V | 57Cr | 57Mn | 57Fe | 57Co | 57Ni | 57Cu | 57Zn | |||||||||||||
58 | 58Ca | 58Sc | 58Ti | 58V | 58Cr | 58Mn | 58Fe | 58Co | 58Ni | 58Cu | 58Zn | |||||||||||||
59 | 59Sc | 59Ti | 59V | 59Cr | 59Mn | 59Fe | 59Co | 59Ni | 59Cu | 59Zn | 59Ga | |||||||||||||
60 | 60Sc | 60Ti | 60V | 60Cr | 60Mn | 60Fe | 60Co | 60Ni | 60Cu | 60Zn | 60Ga | 60Ge | ||||||||||||
61 | 61Sc | 61Ti | 61V | 61Cr | 61Mn | 61Fe | 61Co | 61Ni | 61Cu | 61Zn | 61Ga | 61Ge | ||||||||||||
62 | 62Ti | 62V | 62Cr | 62Mn | 62Fe | 62Co | 62Ni | 62Cu | 62Zn | 62Ga | 62Ge | 62As | ||||||||||||
63 | 63Ti | 63V | 63Cr | 63Mn | 63Fe | 63Co | 63Ni | 63Cu | 63Zn | 63Ga | 63Ge | 63As | ||||||||||||
64 | 64V | 64Cr | 64Mn | 64Fe | 64Co | 64Ni | 64Cu | 64Zn | 64Ga | 64Ge | 64As | |||||||||||||
65 | 65V | 65Cr | 65Mn | 65Fe | 65Co | 65Ni | 65Cu | 65Zn | 65Ga | 65Ge | 65As | 65Se | ||||||||||||
66 | 66V | 66Cr | 66Mn | 66Fe | 66Co | 66Ni | 66Cu | 66Zn | 66Ga | 66Ge | 66As | 66Se | 66Br | |||||||||||
67 | 67Cr | 67Mn | 67Fe | 67Co | 67Ni | 67Cu | 67Zn | 67Ga | 67Ge | 67As | 67Se | 67Br | ||||||||||||
68 | 68Cr | 68Mn | 68Fe | 68Co | 68Ni | 68Cu | 68Zn | 68Ga | 68Ge | 68As | 68Se | 68Br | ||||||||||||
69 | 69Mn | 69Fe | 69Co | 69Ni | 69Cu | 69Zn | 69Ga | 69Ge | 69As | 69Se | 69Br | 69Kr | ||||||||||||
70 | 70Fe | 70Co | 70Ni | 70Cu | 70Zn | 70Ga | 70Ge | 70As | 70Se | 70Br | 70Kr | |||||||||||||
71 | 71Fe | 71Co | 71Ni | 71Cu | 71Zn | 71Ga | 71Ge | 71As | 71Se | 71Br | 71Kr | 71Rb | ||||||||||||
72 | 72Fe | 72Co | 72Ni | 72Cu | 72Zn | 72Ga | 72Ge | 72As | 72Se | 72Br | 72Kr | 72Rb | ||||||||||||
73 | 73Co | 73Ni | 73Cu | 73Zn | 73Ga | 73Ge | 73As | 73Se | 73Br | 73Kr | 73Rb | 73Sr | ||||||||||||
74 | 74Co | 74Ni | 74Cu | 74Zn | 74Ga | 74Ge | 74As | 74Se | 74Br | 74Kr | 74Rb | 74Sr | ||||||||||||
75 | 75Co | 75Ni | 75Cu | 75Zn | 75Ga | 75Ge | 75As | 75Se | 75Br | 75Kr | 75Rb | 75Sr | ||||||||||||
76 | 76Co | 76Ni | 76Cu | 76Zn | 76Ga | 76Ge | 76As | 76Se | 76Br | 76Kr | 76Rb | 76Sr | 76Y | |||||||||||
77 | 77Ni | 77Cu | 77Zn | 77Ga | 77Ge | 77As | 77Se | 77Br | 77Kr | 77Rb | 77Sr | 77Y | ||||||||||||
78 | 78Ni | 78Cu | 78Zn | 78Ga | 78Ge | 78As | 78Se | 78Br | 78Kr | 78Rb | 78Sr | 78Y | 78Zr | |||||||||||
79 | 79Cu | 79Zn | 79Ga | 79Ge | 79As | 79Se | 79Br | 79Kr | 79Rb | 79Sr | 79Y | 79Zr | ||||||||||||
80 | 80Cu | 80Zn | 80Ga | 80Ge | 80As | 80Se | 80Br | 80Kr | 80Rb | 80Sr | 80Y | 80Zr | ||||||||||||
81 | 81Cu | 81Zn | 81Ga | 81Ge | 81As | 81Se | 81Br | 81Kr | 81Rb | 81Sr | 81Y | 81Zr | 81Nb | |||||||||||
82 | 82Cu | 82Zn | 82Ga | 82Ge | 82As | 82Se | 82Br | 82Kr | 82Rb | 82Sr | 82Y | 82Zr | 82Nb |
Kernisotone Nuklide des Kupfers
Die zu den Kupfer-Kernen isotonen Nuklide befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
34Ne | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
35Na | 36Na | 37Na | 38Na | 39Na | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
36Mg | 37Mg | 38Mg | 39Mg | 40Mg | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
37Al | 38Al | 39Al | 40Al | 41Al | 42Al | 43Al | |||||||||||||||||||||||
38Si | 39Si | 40Si | 41Si | 42Si | 43Si | 44Si | |||||||||||||||||||||||
39P | 40P | 41P | 42P | 43P | 44P | 45P | 46P | ||||||||||||||||||||||
40S | 41S | 42S | 43S | 44S | 45S | 46S | 47S | 48S | 49S | ||||||||||||||||||||
41Cl | 42Cl | 43Cl | 44Cl | 45Cl | 46Cl | 47Cl | 48Cl | 49Cl | 50Cl | 51Cl | |||||||||||||||||||
42Ar | 43Ar | 44Ar | 45Ar | 46Ar | 47Ar | 48Ar | 49Ar | 50Ar | 51Ar | 52Ar | 53Ar | ||||||||||||||||||
43K | 44K | 45K | 46K | 47K | 48K | 49K | 50K | 51K | 52K | 53K | 54K | 55K | 56K | ||||||||||||||||
44Ca | 45Ca | 46Ca | 47Ca | 48Ca | 49Ca | 50Ca | 51Ca | 52Ca | 53Ca | 54Ca | 55Ca | 56Ca | 57Ca | 58Ca | |||||||||||||||
45Sc | 46Sc | 47Sc | 48Sc | 49Sc | 50Sc | 51Sc | 52Sc | 53Sc | 54Sc | 55Sc | 56Sc | 57Sc | 58Sc | 59Sc | 60Sc | 61Sc | |||||||||||||
46Ti | 47Ti | 48Ti | 49Ti | 50Ti | 51Ti | 52Ti | 53Ti | 54Ti | 55Ti | 56Ti | 57Ti | 58Ti | 59Ti | 60Ti | 61Ti | 62Ti | 63Ti | ||||||||||||
47V | 48V | 49V | 50V | 51V | 52V | 53V | 54V | 55V | 56V | 57V | 58V | 59V | 60V | 61V | 62V | 63V | 64V | 65V | 66V | ||||||||||
48Cr | 49Cr | 50Cr | 51Cr | 52Cr | 53Cr | 54Cr | 55Cr | 56Cr | 57Cr | 58Cr | 59Cr | 60Cr | 61Cr | 62Cr | 63Cr | 64Cr | 65Cr | 66Cr | 67Cr | 68Cr | |||||||||
49Mn | 50Mn | 51Mn | 52Mn | 53Mn | 54Mn | 55Mn | 56Mn | 57Mn | 58Mn | 59Mn | 60Mn | 61Mn | 62Mn | 63Mn | 64Mn | 65Mn | 66Mn | 67Mn | 68Mn | 69Mn | |||||||||
50Fe | 51Fe | 52Fe | 53Fe | 54Fe | 55Fe | 56Fe | 57Fe | 58Fe | 59Fe | 60Fe | 61Fe | 62Fe | 63Fe | 64Fe | 65Fe | 66Fe | 67Fe | 68Fe | 69Fe | 70Fe | 71Fe | 72Fe | |||||||
51Co | 52Co | 53Co | 54Co | 55Co | 56Co | 57Co | 58Co | 59Co | 60Co | 61Co | 62Co | 63Co | 64Co | 65Co | 66Co | 67Co | 68Co | 69Co | 70Co | 71Co | 72Co | 73Co | 74Co | 75Co | 76Co | ||||
52Ni | 53Ni | 54Ni | 55Ni | 56Ni | 57Ni | 58Ni | 59Ni | 60Ni | 61Ni | 62Ni | 63Ni | 64Ni | 65Ni | 66Ni | 67Ni | 68Ni | 69Ni | 70Ni | 71Ni | 72Ni | 73Ni | 74Ni | 75Ni | 76Ni | 77Ni | 78Ni | |||
53Cu | 54Cu | 55Cu | 56Cu | 57Cu | 58Cu | 59Cu | 60Cu | 61Cu | 62Cu | 63Cu | 64Cu | 65Cu | 66Cu | 67Cu | 68Cu | 69Cu | 70Cu | 71Cu | 72Cu | 73Cu | 74Cu | 75Cu | 76Cu | 77Cu | 78Cu | 79Cu | 80Cu | 81Cu | 82Cu |
54Zn | 55Zn | 56Zn | 57Zn | 58Zn | 59Zn | 60Zn | 61Zn | 62Zn | 63Zn | 64Zn | 65Zn | 66Zn | 67Zn | 68Zn | 69Zn | 70Zn | 71Zn | 72Zn | 73Zn | 74Zn | 75Zn | 76Zn | 77Zn | 78Zn | 79Zn | 80Zn | 81Zn | 82Zn | 83Zn |
59Ga | 60Ga | 61Ga | 62Ga | 63Ga | 64Ga | 65Ga | 66Ga | 67Ga | 68Ga | 69Ga | 70Ga | 71Ga | 72Ga | 73Ga | 74Ga | 75Ga | 76Ga | 77Ga | 78Ga | 79Ga | 80Ga | 81Ga | 82Ga | 83Ga | 84Ga | ||||
60Ge | 61Ge | 62Ge | 63Ge | 64Ge | 65Ge | 66Ge | 67Ge | 68Ge | 69Ge | 70Ge | 71Ge | 72Ge | 73Ge | 74Ge | 75Ge | 76Ge | 77Ge | 78Ge | 79Ge | 80Ge | 81Ge | 82Ge | 83Ge | 84Ge | 85Ge | ||||
62As | 63As | 64As | 65As | 66As | 67As | 68As | 69As | 70As | 71As | 72As | 73As | 74As | 75As | 76As | 77As | 78As | 79As | 80As | 81As | 82As | 83As | 84As | 85As | 86As | |||||
65Se | 66Se | 67Se | 68Se | 69Se | 70Se | 71Se | 72Se | 73Se | 74Se | 75Se | 76Se | 77Se | 78Se | 79Se | 80Se | 81Se | 82Se | 83Se | 84Se | 85Se | 86Se | 87Se | |||||||
66Br | 67Br | 68Br | 69Br | 70Br | 71Br | 72Br | 73Br | 74Br | 75Br | 76Br | 77Br | 78Br | 79Br | 80Br | 81Br | 82Br | 83Br | 84Br | 85Br | 86Br | 87Br | 88Br | |||||||
69Kr | 70Kr | 71Kr | 72Kr | 73Kr | 74Kr | 75Kr | 76Kr | 77Kr | 78Kr | 79Kr | 80Kr | 81Kr | 82Kr | 83Kr | 84Kr | 85Kr | 86Kr | 87Kr | 88Kr | 89Kr | |||||||||
71Rb | 72Rb | 73Rb | 74Rb | 75Rb | 76Rb | 77Rb | 78Rb | 79Rb | 80Rb | 81Rb | 82Rb | 83Rb | 84Rb | 85Rb | 86Rb | 87Rb | 88Rb | 89Rb | 90Rb | ||||||||||
73Sr | 74Sr | 75Sr | 76Sr | 77Sr | 78Sr | 79Sr | 80Sr | 81Sr | 82Sr | 83Sr | 84Sr | 85Sr | 86Sr | 87Sr | 88Sr | 89Sr | 90Sr | 91Sr | |||||||||||
76Y | 77Y | 78Y | 79Y | 80Y | 81Y | 82Y | 83Y | 84Y | 85Y | 86Y | 87Y | 88Y | 89Y | 90Y | 91Y | 92Y | |||||||||||||
78Zr | 79Zr | 80Zr | 81Zr | 82Zr | 83Zr | 84Zr | 85Zr | 86Zr | 87Zr | 88Zr | 89Zr | 90Zr | 91Zr | 92Zr | 93Zr | ||||||||||||||
81Nb | 82Nb | 83Nb | 84Nb | 85Nb | 86Nb | 87Nb | 88Nb | 89Nb | 90Nb | 91Nb | 92Nb | 93Nb | 94Nb | ||||||||||||||||
83Mo | 84Mo | 85Mo | 86Mo | 87Mo | 88Mo | 89Mo | 90Mo | 91Mo | 92Mo | 93Mo | 94Mo | 95Mo | |||||||||||||||||
85Tc | 86Tc | 87Tc | 88Tc | 89Tc | 90Tc | 91Tc | 92Tc | 93Tc | 94Tc | 95Tc | 96Tc | ||||||||||||||||||
87Ru | 88Ru | 89Ru | 90Ru | 91Ru | 92Ru | 93Ru | 94Ru | 95Ru | 96Ru | 97Ru | |||||||||||||||||||
89Rh | 90Rh | 91Rh | 92Rh | 93Rh | 94Rh | 95Rh | 96Rh | 97Rh | 98Rh | ||||||||||||||||||||
91Pd | 92Pd | 93Pd | 94Pd | 95Pd | 96Pd | 97Pd | 98Pd | 99Pd | |||||||||||||||||||||
93Ag | 94Ag | 95Ag | 96Ag | 97Ag | 98Ag | 99Ag | 100Ag | ||||||||||||||||||||||
95Cd | 96Cd | 97Cd | 98Cd | 99Cd | 100Cd | 101Cd | |||||||||||||||||||||||
97In | 98In | 99In | 100In | 101In | 102In | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
99Sn | 100Sn | 101Sn | 102Sn | 103Sn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
103Sb | 104Sb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
105Te |
Literatur und Hinweise
Eigenschaften der Kupfer-Isotope
[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.
[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.
Kupfer: Kernmagnetische Eigenschaften - 63Cu-NMR, 64Cu-NMR, 65Cu-NMR
[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.
[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.
[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.
[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).
Weitere Quellen:
[8] - Isotopenhäufigkeiten, Atommassen und Isotopenmassen: Siehe unter dem jeweiligen Stichwort.
[9] - Moritz Bigalke:
Copper and zinc stable isotope ratios as tracers of biogeochemical processes, sources and transport of Cu and Zn in soils.
In: Dissertation Biogeochemie, Universität Mainz, (2010), DOI https://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:77-24170.
Kategorie: Chemische Elemente
Letzte Änderung am 12.12.2022.
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